In the present review the analysis of the world literature devoted to the study of metabolic disorders in the body and the risk of COVID-19 disease. It is known that metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for the severe course of new coronavirus infection. This review summarizes data on the mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in a new coronavirus infection, analyzes the results of studies that investigated the issues of associations between the course of COVID-19 and various metabolic disorders, such as hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, their severity, potential targets of therapy, predictors of the development of a severe course of new coronavirus infection are considered. These metabolic disorders increase the impairment of the immune system and make patients more susceptible to the development of infectious diseases, in particular, to infection with a new coronavirus infection. Taking into account the obtained data, it becomes obvious the need to identify and monitor patients with pre-existing metabolic diseases, as well as their development during and after COVID-19. The information on the topic from publications based on PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Google Scholar, Medscape, UpYoDate, eLIBRARY.RU data were used.

At present, metabolomics is an intensively developing approach to the specific diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic analysis allows the study of complete metabolomic profiles and their deviations resulting from changes, for example, gene and RNA expression, protein activity, or environmental factors. Analysis of the metabolomic blood profile helps in solving a large number of scientific and clinical problems, one of which is the search for markers of diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Aim of the study was to investigate metabolomic markers used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of literature data. 

Material and methods. The literature data was analyzed for key words: cardiovascular diseases, metabolomics, metabolic profile, metabolomic markers in da- tabases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, PatentDB, Science Direct Open Access, eLibrary. 

Results. Analysis of literature data and patent search confirms the high importance of metabolomic markers in the diagnosis of CVD. In the patent literature, BNP/NT-proBNP is most common used as a metabolic marker of CVD (11.27 %). The use of CRP (8.99 %) and troponin (8.49 %) is also common. PICP (0.02 %), sVCAM-1 (0.09 %), stimulating growth factor ST-2 (0.12 %) and thrombomodulin (0.12 %) as metabolic markers of CVD. 

Conclusions. Against the backdrop of analytical methods, metabolomics is the most important diagnostic area. At the same time, it should be noted that by combining the results of the analysis of metabolic studies with others, for example, genomic and proteomic, one can get a complete picture of the pathogenesis of diseases, assess the risk of complications, and also determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

Quality of Life (QOL) research in Healthcare Service practice is of great importance in various fields of medicine. The assessment of QOL is carried out not only for the analysis of statistics, but also with the aim of improving and optimizing medical organizations activities, developing and standardizing of treatment guidelines, studying the effectiveness of treatment methods in QOL measurements, examining new treatment methods, identifying risk groups for diseases and promotion of preventive measures. A review of the literature dealing with the main modern methods for studying the QOL of patients is presented. Special aspects of the application of methods for assessing the QOL of patients depending on diseases and their role in the study of the effectiveness of treatment are considered. The issues of studying the QOL of patients in gynecological practice are clarified. The paper presents studies estimating the QOL of patients with various gynecological pathologies: uterine myoma, pelvic organ prolapse, endometriosis, climacteric syndrome. Despite the high prevalence of gynecological diseases among the population, currently there is a limited number of developed specific questionnaires on gynecological nosologies. The analysis of the available literature showed that the assessment of the QOL of patients in gynecology was done mainly after surgical treatment. QOL of outpatient clinic patients was assessed only in some studies.

Topography of the left atrial appendage is of importance for supraventricular arrhythmias surgery and sealing of the appendage orifice to prevent thromboembolism in cryptogenic strokes. 

The aim was to explore the common position of the appendage and delineate variants of its adjacent anatomy in human adults by means cadaveric morphometrics. 

Material and methods. We studied 54 silicone-filled heart specimens of 200–400 g. With the caliper, we measured the distances from the base of the left atrial appendage to the cardiac apex, to the structures of the atrial complex, nearest large blood vessels, as well as to the left coronary artery. 

Results. The base of the appendage was 87 ± 13.1 mm from the cardiac apex and 49.7 ± 7.0 mm from the right appendage. The distance from the appendage to the superior caval vein (36.4 ± 8.1 mm) was 16 % longer than the distance to the ascending aorta (30.4 ± 6.4 mm), 1.25 times less than the distance to the oval fossa (45.2 ± 6.0 mm), 1.5 times less than the distance to the inferior caval vein (55.5 ± 8.7). The smallest median value (9.6 mm) and the largest variation (1.4–15.2 mm) were found for the distance to the pulmonary trunk. Four pulmonary veins inflowed to the atrium at different distances from the appendage opening. In 59.6 %, we revealed the left upper pulmonary vein to be closest to the auricle. The mouth of that was 43 % higher and 57 % at the same level with the appendage opening (p = 0.07). The left coronary artery ran 2.63–18.74 mm inferiorly to the appendage. Interrelations of average strength were found for the parameters of atrial complex. The study showed the length of the ventricular complex as being an unpredictable parameter for determining the adjacent anatomy of left atrial appendage. 

Conclusions. The morphometric parameters and their interrelations are proposed to use as reference values and criteria for determining the normal atrial complex.

The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic efficacy of oxidized dextran (OD) in post-toxic acute, chronic hepatosis and liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. 150 male Wistar rats weighing 280–320 g were injected intraperitoneally with 50 % CCl4 oil solution (1 ml/kg b.w.) and per os with 6.5 % aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol (40 ml per rat per day), as well as intraperitoneally – 2 ml of 5 % aqueous solution of oxidized dextran (OD) with a molecular weight of 40 kDa to the animal. The CCl₄ solution has been injected once daily, the ethyl alcohol aqueous 6.5 % solution for 3 days. One group of rats has been injected with OD solution for 60 days till the first day after toxicants introduction. Another group has been administered with OD from the 30th days after the toxicants introduction to the 90th day. Toxicants were canceled on the 60th day. The third group of rats has been injected with toxicants for 60 days, and after toxicant cancel only OD has been injected for 30 days until the 90th day. The control group has been injected only with toxicants for 60 days, and there was still an “intact” control. Results and discussion. In animals that were injected with toxicants, and received OD from the 60th day, hepatocytes in a state of vacuolar degeneration and necrosis, microfibrosis were observed. But there was much more collagen in the periportal and interlobular zones. In addition, the so-called, false lobules from hepatocytes have been revealed in the period from 60 to 90 days after the introduction of toxicants. The OD introducing in treatment reduced the collagen content in the liver parenchyma as a whole, especially in the periportal zones, but most of all (up to 5 times) in the interlobular spaces as compared with animals that did not receive OD. This indicates a high antifibrotic efficacy of OD in acute, chronic hepatosis and cirrhosis of the liver.

The blood components transfusion is a significant component of therapy for blood loss, anemia, and surgical operations. One of the main tasks of blood service institutions is the procurement of high-quality transfusion media, the effectiveness of which directly depends on the functioning of the safety system. The implementation of this direction of work is impossible without laboratory testing of the donor biomaterial, a prerequisite for which is the standardization of procedures to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the results. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing methods for determining hematological parameters and assess their suitability for quality control of blood components. Material and methods. The samples of erythrocyte-containing blood components, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrate, as well as reference buffer solutions for pH measurement have been tested. To determine the number of blood cells, conductometry with hydrodynamic focusing, counting in the Goryaev chamber and laser flow cytofluorimetry, were used. The pH indicator was measured by potentiometry. The content of general and free hemoglobin was assessed by photometric, hemiglobincyanide and SLS method. The hematocrit value was determined on a hematological analyzer and by centrifugation in hematocrit capillaries. The activity of factor VIII was checked by the clotting method. Results and discussion. The generalized results of the metrological assessment and a comparative analysis of the listed laboratory methods, taking into account their sensitivity and precision have been presented. Conclusions. A list of recommended methods for quality control of blood components is formed, for each of which an assigned convergence characteristic is established.

Introduction. The obesity seems to grow into a real pandemic. As one of the consequences of obesity we observe a significant increase of infertility in married couples, including male infertility. As the situation with male fertility continues to deteriorate, we consider further investigation of etiology and pathogenesis of male infertility important. Aim of the study was to investigate age-related anthropometric characteristics and metabolic status in men from infertile couples. Material and methods. 426 men from infertile couples were divided into 5 groups according to age: 1) < 30 years old, 2) 30.0-34.9 years old, 3) 35.0-39,9 years old, 4) 40.0-44.9 years old, 5) ≥ 45 years old. We carried out anthropometric examination and biochemical blood analysis. Results. Within groups 2 to 4 we observed group-to- group consecutive increase in body weight, body mass index values, waist circumference and waist circumference to hip circumference values which are related to the increase of adipose tissue mass in the abdominal region. We also detected the increase of hyperglycemia occurrence. Higher values of the abovementioned anthropometric parameters were detected for the test subjects of the group 1 despite the younger age. We observed 60 and 40 % of upper and lower types of abdominal fat distribution respectively for the group 1 test subjects. Conclusions. Based on the anthropometric parameters we conclude that the infertility can be caused by negative influence of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue accumulation for the youngest test subjects (age < 30 years). For the older test subjects, infertility results of the cumulative effect of abdominal obesity and other medical and social factors. Group 4 test subjects (age 40-45) exhibit the most frequent abdominal obesity and associated with metabolic status disorders.

The issues of immunopathogenesis of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) remain relevant, despite a long history of study. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the content of some cytokines in the blood serum of children with ARVI caused by DNA and RNA-containing viruses. Material and methods. We examined 92 children with ARVI at the age from 1 to 15 years, hospitalized in the hospital of the Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 6 (Novosibirsk). In order to determine the etiological factor, a study was carried out using the RT-PCR method (test systems AmpliSensORVI-screen-FL, “InterLabService”, Russia) of mucus from the nose and throat for the presence of genetic material of viruses that cause ARVI. Determination of the content of IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ in the blood serum in children of all groups was carried out by the method of solid-phase ELISA using commercial test systems of LLC “Cytokin” (Russia). Results and discussion. 4 groups were formed: group I (n = 20) children with ARVI caused by DNA-containing viruses (group B, C, E adenoviruses, bocaviruses); group II (n = 53) children with ARVI caused by RNA viruses (RS virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, 4, rhinovirus and coronoviruses); group III (n = 12) children with ARVI caused by mixed infection; group IV (n = 7) – the genetic material of the pathogen has not been isolated. Concentration of IL-8, IL-17, IFN-γ was significantly increased in all groups compared to the normative values. Higher values of IFN-γ and IL-8 were revealed in patients with DNA viruses compared with the group with RNA-containing viruses, although the excess of IFN-γ was not statistically significant. Differences in the content of IFN-γ, IL-8 and IL-17 were noted for various etiological viral agents, but they were not significant. Conclusions. The results obtained can serve as confirmation that the functional characteristics of the response of the immune system in children with ARVI are determined not so much by the etiological factor as by its individual state. With ARVI in children, the presence of genetic material from more than one virus, apparently, is not a significant potentiating factor in the activation of the immune response. At the same time, a negative PCR result with a detailed clinical picture of ARVI does not exclude the viral genesis of the disease.

The problem of congenital heart defects (CHD) in children, it is determined not only by a severe course, early development of disability, high-cost methods of treatment, but also by regional peculiarities. On the basis of the register of CHD in children in Chelyabinsk, the monitoring of prevalence and morbidity indicators from 2000 to 2020, calculated per 1000 children’s population, taking into account its average number, was carried out. During the analyzed period, there was an almost 3-fold increase in the total number of children with CHD: from 691 people in 2000 to 1903 people in 2020. A stable growth of this pathology was revealed in the first year of their life: 3.9 % in 2000, 11.0 % in 2012, 12.3 % in 2020.

The prevalence and primary incidence of CHD over the past 20 years have been characterized by a steady increase: from

3.68 and 0.72 in 2000 to 8.04 and 1.48 in 2020, respectively. Septal defects and open ductus arteriosus occupy leading positions in the structure of all CHD, accounting for 61 % in 2000 and 74 % in 2020. An increase in the number of early surgical interventions, especially during the first year of a child’s life (from 11 % in 2000 up to 31 % in 2020) is associated with a decrease in disability (from 15.7 % in 2000 to 4.8 % in 2020). Monitoring of registry data, especially at the regional level, can be a useful mechanism for assessing the situation of CHD, monitoring the effectiveness of both conservative and cardiac surgical treatment.