Neuroglobin is a metalloprotein expressed predominantly in a nervous system and involved in the functioning of cells in normal and pathological conditions. Despite numerous studies, information on its regional distribution is ambiguous. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns and features of the regional distribution of neuroglobin in neurons of all structures of the rat brain with a quantitative assessment of its content at the cellular level. Material and methods. Five outbred male rats kept under standard conditions were used in the study. Frontal serial sections were made after decapitation, fixation, dehydration and paraffin-embedding. One section of the series was stained according to the Nissl method for identification of structures according to the stereotaxic atlas, and the second section was immunohistochemically stained for neuroglobin. 100 brain structures were studied cytophotometrically, neuroglobin immunoreactivity was expressed in units of optical density ×10³ (conventional units). Results and discussion. Four levels of neuroglobin content were identified – low, moderate, high and very high. Structures without neuroglobin were not found. Among the studied brain structures the amount of neuroglobin contents varies from 140–160 to 459–479 relative units. The low and moderate neuroglobin amount was revealed in supreme number of structures. Among the parts of the brain there is an increase in the content of neuroglobin in the direction telencephalon – diencephalon – midbrain – pons and medulla oblongata. The widest range of values is found in the telencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata. In the cerebellum the largest values are demonstrated by the interposed nucleus and the Purkinje cells of the pyramid. Conclusion. Neuroglobin has been found in neurons in all parts of the rat brain and spinal cord. The amount of neuroglobin depends on phylogenetic age: in the brain its content increases in the anteroposterior direction, and structures of paleocortex contain more neuroglobin than the structures of the neocortex. In the cerebellum a greater amount of neuroglobin is found in structures of the paleocerebellum.

The necessity of quick surgical treatment of acute ruptured cerebral aneurysms was demonstrated in large studies by the ISAT and ISUIA, which also proved the advantage of the endovascular method over the surgical one. Ballonassistence is widely used in treatment of aneurysms with wide neck and unfavorable vascular anatomy, but the radicality of the treatment is insufficient. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of stent-assisted embolization of «acute» cerebral aneurysms. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 234 patients with «acute» cerebral aneurysms was carried out. Results. Only coils were used in 40.6 % of cases (n = 95), balloon-assistance, in 40.2 % of cases (n = 94), and stent-assistance, in 19.2 % of cases (n = 45). There were 11.5 % (n = 27) clinically significant complications. Total aneurysm occlusion (Raymond-Roy I) was achieved in 187 cases (79.9 %); the radicality at the control examination was 67.1 % (157 patients). Discussion. The radicality of the treatment with stents was slightly higher then with balloons and coils at the end of operation (84.4 %, n = 38 and 78.8 %, n = 149, p > 0.05), but it was significantly higher at the control examination (80.0 %, n = 36 and 60.8 %, n = 115, respectively, p <0.05). Also, we had no statistically significant difference of the complication rate in the «stent» and «no stent» groups; therefore, the clinical outcomes of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms did not depend on the choice of treatment method. Conclusions. Intracranial stents allow achieving good results of the embolization of complex aneurysms in the acute period of intracranial hemorrhage without increasing the risk of surgical treatment.

Aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of the relationship of polymorbid pathology in arterial hypertension with disorders of lipid, purine and carbohydrate metabolism. Material and methods. Patients with arterial hypertension with the presence of polymorbid pathology, who underwent examination and treatment at the clinic of the Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine (Novosibirsk), were examined. A total of 9775 people were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: with arterial hypertension in the dyslipidemia absence (n = 561(252 men (44.9 %), 309 women (55.1 %), average age 57.1 ± 0.60 years) and in the dyslipidemia presence (n = 9214 (3879 (42.1 %) men, 5335 (57.9 %) women, average age 57.82 ± 0.12 years). Results and discussion. Hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia were more common in patients with arterial hypertension with dyslipidemia; the indicators were statistically higher: total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic index, serum glucose, uric acid compared with patients with arterial hypertension without dyslipidemia. In patients with dyslipidemia, compared with patients without dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension was more often combined with diseases of the endocrine system, nutritional disorders and metabolic disorders, and other diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion. The data obtained can serve as a theoretical basis for the concept of care for polymorbid patients, based on the impact on the main key pathogenetic mechanisms of diseases, and new approaches to complex treatment, rehabilitation and personalized prevention, taking into account the impact on modifiable risk factors.

Aim of the study was to analyze the frequency and nature of cardiovascular complications in influenza A/H1N1/09 in Zabaykalsky Krai from 2018 to 2019. Material and methods. 86 cases of severe influenza A/H1N1/09 were analyzed. Results. The patients were divided into 2 groups, comparable by gender and age. The first group consisted of patients with cardiovascular complications of influenza A/H1N1 / 09 (41 people). The second group consisted of patients without complicated flu (45 people). The average age of patients in the first group was 60 ± 13.7 years. According to the ECG results, sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 94 ± 14.2 beats/min was dominant, in combination with various rhythm and conduction disorders: supraventricular extrasystole – in 5 (12 %) patients, acute (paroxysmal) atrial fibrillation – in 19 (46 %), ventricular extrasystole – in 7 (17 %), complete right and left bundle branch block – in 7 (17 %) and 7 (17 %), respectively, atrioventricular block of the 1st degree – in 1 (2 %) patients. Long QT syndrome was revealed in 5 patients (12 %). The severe cardiovascular system complications were: myopericarditis in 2 (5 %) people, decompensation of chronic heart failure in 4 (10 %) people, pulmonary embolism in 1 (2 %), acute myocardial infarction in 11 (27 %). The mortality rate in this group was 12 (29 %) cases from hospitalized patients. The average age of patients in the second group was 58 ± 14.1 years. According to the ECG results, sinus tachycardia with a heart rate of 91 ± 9.4 beats/min was detected in 98 % of cases, 3 (7 %) patients had complete left bundle branch block, 1 (2 %) patient had atrial fibrillation. No other rhythm or conduction disturbances were detected. No organic heart pathology was detected in this group of patients. The mortality rate was 5 (11 %) people. Conclusion. The analysis of 86 cases showed that elderly patients with a heavy premorbid background prevailed. The severe cardiovascular system complications were mainly represented by cardiac arrhythmias and the development of acute myocardial infarction. The fatal outcome occurred on the 8th-22nd day from the onset of the disease. The presence of cardiovascular complications doubles the mortality rate.

Introduction. At the current stage of the study of atherosclerosis, it has been established that chronic activation of innate immunity, causing persistent low-intensity sterile inflammation, plays a crucial role at all stages of atherogenesis. Laboratory evaluation of signaling pathways associated with molecular patterns (DAMPs) in atherosclerosis and related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic markers. Objective: to study the relationship between lipid metabolism parameters and CD36 exposure to circulating monocytes in patientwithout established CVD. Material and methods. The study included 42 patients aged 40–64 years without established atherosclerotic CVD, 19 (45.2 %) men and 23 (54.7 %) women. Dyslipidemia was detected in 95.2 % of patients. The blood serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatinine were determined with subsequent calculation of glomerular filtration rate. Phenotyping of circulating monocyte subpopulations was performed by flow cytometry on a Navios 6/2 device (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results and discussion. According to the results of correlation analysis, non-HDL cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with absolute (r = –0.394; p = 0.013) and relative (r = –0.432; p = 0.006) content of CD14⁺ CD16⁺⁺CD36⁺ TLR2⁺ monocytes. LDL cholesterol levels were also inversely correlated with the relative content of CD14⁺ CD16⁺ CD36⁺ TLR2⁺ monocytes (r = –0.417; p = 0.018). According to correlation analysis, the level of non-HDL cholesterol inversely correlated with the intensity of CD36 expression on classical (r = –0.650; p < 0.0001), intermediate (r = –0.323; p = 0.045) and non classical (r = –0.480; p = 0.002) monocytes. Also, CD36 expression intensity on classical (r = –0.449; p = 0.004) and non-classical (r = –0.382; p = 0.016) monocytes was inversely correlated with remnant cholesterol levels. In addition, increased non-HLA cholesterol levels were associated with decreased TLR2 expression on CD14⁺ CD16⁺⁺ monocytes (r = –0.381; p = 0.018). It should be noted that a decrease in CD36 expression on intermediate monocytes was also associated with an increase in hs-CRP (r = –0.657; p = 0.003). Conclusion. In patients without established atherosclerotic CVD, an increase in cholesterol content of atherogenic lipoprotein fractions was associated with a decrease in the number of CD14⁺ CD16⁺⁺ and CD14⁺CD16⁺ monocytes co-expressing CD36 and TLR2 as well as with a decrease in CD36 expression on classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes.

The aim of this work was to study the dependence of the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood of patients on the severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Material and methods. We examined 26 patients with SLE, the comparison group consisted of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 88). Results. The hsCRP level was significantly higher in patients with a high degree of activity than in patients with minimal and moderate SLE activity (F = 4.409, p = 0.023). In addition, in patients with SLE, a significant direct correlation was found between hsCRP and ESR values (r = 0.409, p = 0.047), antinuclear factor (r = 0.389, p = 0.021), antibodies to double-stranded DNA (r = 0.226, p = 0.033), leukocytes in urine (r = 0.571, p = 0.002), microalbuminuria (r = 0.727, p = 0.017) AsAT (r = 0.428, p = 0.046), and inverse correlation – with the value of blood leukocytes (r = –0.662, p < 0.001). Conclusion. It was found that an increase in the levels of hsCRP in the sera of SLE patients is accompanied by an increase in the degree of disease activity, which indicates a direct correlation between the level of hsCRP and SLE activity. Consequently, the concentration of hsCRP reflects the acute phase response and the intensity of the inflammatory process in SLE.

In recent years, there has been an increase in patients with thyroid pathology around the world, which is associated with iodine deficiency and often these diseases are combined with other pathologies that require surgical treatment. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous operations in nodular goiter. Material and methods. The article presents the results of simultaneous operations that were performed in 19 patients with nodular goiter. Echinococcosis of the liver was found in 8 of them, cholelithiasis in 11 (chronic calculous cholecystitis – 7 and recurrent choledocholithiasis – 4). All operations were performed under endotracheal anesthesia from two approaches, and thyroidectomy and resection of the thyroid gland in combination with cholecystectomy (choledochotomy) were performed in 11 and in 8 with echinococcectomy. In addition to conventional examination methods, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland was performed in all patients with nodular goiter to exclude proliferative growth and identify the contents of the cyst. Postoperative complications and long-term results were studied (from 3 months to 3.5 years). Results. In the immediate postoperative period, complications arose in 3 cases each (wound suppuration, infiltration and pleurisy). 18 patients were examined up to 3 and 6 months, 15 patients – from one to 2 years, 13 patients – from 2 to 3.5 years; recurrence of goiter and associated diseases (gallstone disease and echinococcosis of the liver) were not found. Conclusion. Simultaneous operations can be performed in cases of nodular goiter combination with echinococcosis and gallstone disease, but under the condition of strict adherence to the rules of the principle of aparasiticity and antiparasiticity in echinococcectomy. When performing simultaneous operations, it is necessary to fully examine the patient, determine the indications and contraindications, the volume of the planned operation, and also pay attention to the preoperative preparation and management of the postoperative period.

Blood α-amylase activity is a key laboratory marker of pancreatic diseases. At the same time, some of the common laboratory methods of its measurement have a number of limitations. Therefore new more effective laboratory methods are currently being developed over those methods that have been already available. The aim of this work was to compare two methods of determination of the activity of total and pancreatic α-amylase in human blood based on using 4,6-ethylidene-(G7)-p-nitrophenyl-(G1)-α,D-maltoheptaoside (EPS-G7) and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-β-D-galactopyranosylmaltoside (GalG2CNP) as substrates. Blood serum samples from patients with different levels of α-amylase activity were analyzed. The main analytical characteristics of the method with the GalG2CNP substrate were determined using purified α-amylase specimens. A high-sized correlation and high accuracy of the α-amylase isoenzymes activity were observed for the both methods. Therefore, the method for determining the activity of α-amylase using GalG2CNP as a substrate has analytical characteristics similar to the common laboratory method with EPS-G7, but at the same time, the existing advantages allow it to be recommended for wider application in clinical laboratory diagnostics and scientific research.

The article presents the results that reveal the features of the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the level of dopamine in apparently healthy men with different adaptive potential of the circulatory system, taking into account age and territory of residence. Material and methods. The study involved 155 men (90 residents of the European North (Arkhangelsk Oblast) and 65 residents of the Asian North (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)) aged 22–59 years. Serum hormone levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis were determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay in vitro analysis. The adaptive potential was calculated according to R.M. Baevsky. Results and its discussion. The functional tension of the mechanisms of adaptation of the circulatory system in men of the European North and unsatisfactory adaptation in men of the Asian North were revealed. In the studied regions of the North, there are no people with good and satisfactory adaptation, and the group of people with a breakdown in adaptation was identified only in the Asian North in men aged 45–59 years, which allows us to classify these subjects as a risk group for developing cardiovascular diseases. In men of the European North, the unsatisfactory adaptation was combined with an increase in the levels of prolactin (at the age of 22–44 years) and follitropin (at the age of 45–59 years) and a decrease in the level of sex hormone-binding globulin (at the age of 22–44 years). A decrease in the levels of total and free testosterone can be attributed to the key markers of failure of adaptation in men of the Asian North aged of 45–59 years. When analyzing the data of the entire surveyed population of men aged 22–59 years, an increase in aromatase activity was noted against the background of a decrease in testosterone levels in men of the European North with the 4th degree of adaptive potential and in men of the Asian North with the 5th degree of adaptive potential, which can be considered as a compensatory reaction to preserve the function of the cardiovascular system.

An additional informative tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in the early stages can be the analysis of changes in the fatty acid profile, which can be considered as a marker of various pathological conditions. The study of the effects of fatty acids and the mechanisms of changes in the fatty acid profile in connection with cardiovascular diseases remains relevant. We have analyzed modern data from foreign and domestic literature on issues related to the importance of fatty acids as possible markers in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Basic information about the structure of fatty acids, their functions in the human body, the relationship between the level of free fatty acids and indicators of the development of pathological processes of the cardiovascular system is presented. The factors influencing the dynamics of fatty acid concentrations both in normal conditions and during the development of pathological processes are reflected. The processes of biochemical modification of the fatty acid composition of the lipid matrix of the cell membrane are considered. The expediency of using fatty acids, together with some protein markers in the diagnosis of diseases of the cardiovascular system, has been shown. The collection and analysis of the accumulated information on the role of fatty acids helps to optimize the use of laboratory markers to determine the stages of pathogenesis of circulatory organ damage, to develop a system for evaluating the effectiveness of therapy for cardiovascular diseases, and to create a set of laboratory and instrumental tests for monitoring the condition of patients.

The determination of the concentration of procalcitonin (PCT) in blood serum and other biological fluids is used for the diagnosis and monitoring of the course of sepsis and the syndrome of a systemic inflammatory reaction. This review summarizes the data on the diagnostic value of the definition of procalcitonin in the practice of urologists and andrologists. The content of procalcitonin in such biological fluids as urine, seminal plasma is almost 10 times higher than the level of this protein in blood serum: this phenomenon is manifested in physiological conditions and in pathological processes. The relationship of clinical and laboratory indicators of inflammation with the severity of urosepsis was analyzed. Elevated serum procalcitonin levels are considered as a predictor of septic shock in patients with urolithiasis, and determine the management tactics of patients with urinary tract obstruction. The marker function of this protein was studied in inflammation in the renal parenchyma, in malignant neoplasms of the kidneys, bladder, ureter, prostate and testis; in the diagnosis of testicular torsion and orchiepididymitis. The article describes the regular changes in the level of urinary procalcitonin depending on the severity of vesicoureteral reflux, the severity of the manifestations of the inflammatory reaction. There were significant differences in the concentration of procalcitonin in seminal plasma between the groups of men with reduced and normal ejaculate fertility.

The fifth generation (5G) telecommunication systems are about to be implemented worldwide. It is argued here that millimeter waves used in 5G cannot be more harmful per unit of absorbed energy than infrared radiation. In the literature, there is neither convincing evidence nor theoretical considerations in favor of carcinogenic or damaging (up to the level of thermal damage) effects of millimeter waves. Excessively strict safety regulations are unfavorable for the economy and everyday life. Epidemiological data are important; but more attention should be given to potential bias and confounding factors. Large-scale animal experiments with the registration of average life duration would be a reliable way to determine the net harm. The doses and exposure duration in animals must be comparable to those in related human populations to make results extrapolable to humans.

The validity of the use of a subjective-objective indicator of health as a significant indicator of its association with the prevalence of coronary artery disease is shown in both domestic and foreign scientific literature. At the same time, the subjective-objective indicator of health, and first of all, the attitude to one's health, is recognized as an indicator of a lifestyle that establishes the interpretation of conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease and interest in preventive measures at the population level. Purpose: to determine the attitude towards one's health in the age range and in groups with and without coronary artery disease in an open population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia in terms of gender. Material and methods. Cross–sectional studies were carried out in the framework of two cardiac screenings on unorganized subpopulations of men and women 25–64 years old in Tyumen (with responses 85.0 and 70.3 %, respectively). The isolation of various forms of coronary heart disease was carried out on the basis of standard epidemiological methods, the comparison group was defined as the absence of coronary heart disease. The attitude of the population to their health was established using a rigidly standardized WHO questionnaire MONICApsychosocial «Knowledge and attitude to the health». Results. In the open population of a moderately urbanized city of Western Siberia, with a predominance among women, a low level of attitude towards their health was established, the prevalence of low responsibility for their health in the gender aspect took place in the third, fourth and sixth decades of life. Negative attitudes towards their health among persons of both sexes were determined mainly in groups with CHD; in women, the tendency towards a decrease in responsibility for their health was more pronounced than in men. Conclusion. When planning a preventive program for the population of a medium-urbanized city of Western Siberia, taking into account the priority impact on the subjective-objective indicator of population health, the implementation of the population strategy will probably not be enough. Taking into consideration the obtained regularities of the growth of negative attitudes towards their health among women, especially in groups with the presence of coronary heart disease, along with the population strategy, it would be optimal to use a high-risk strategy.