Epidemiological, etiopathogenetic, pathophysiological characteristics of deforming arthrosis of the hip joint and predictors of its development (literature review)

The aim of the study was to review the literature on coxarthrosis, one of the main problems of modern orthopedics.

Material and methods. A search was performed for literature sources for 2018–2023 devoted to the study of the problem of osteoarthrosis of the hip joint in modern traumatological and orthopedic practice in order to outline ideas about the etiopathogenetic, epidemiological and pathophysiological characteristics and early diagnosis of the disease. The following databases were used: Pubmed, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka; dissertations, dissertation abstracts, and materials from scientific forums were excluded. As a result of the search, more than 53 articles on this topic were found and analyzed. Research interest in the problem of coxarthrosis has increased significantly in the last decade, which reflects the social significance of the disease.

Results. Current information on the initiation and development of hip joint osteoarthrosis is systematized. The results of studies on the epidemiological and pathogenetic characteristics of coxarthrosis are reflected, the relationship of the chemical composition of bone tissue and synovial fluid with its development is determined, the main clinical manifestations and methods of early diagnosis are described. The issue of actively expressed genes involved in the metabolic processes of connective tissue is considered. The main predictors of coxarthrosis are identified: genetic, non-genetic, bioimpedance. A problem of the population is presented: with an increase in life expectancy, loss of working capacity as a result of degenerative-dystrophic disease.

Conclusions. The literature review presented modern scientific articles, reviews, meta-analyses devoted to coxarthrosis and its characteristic features. New research directions in genetics, immunology, problems of diagnostics and timely detection of this pathology were described.

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