Features of interpretation of the results of studies of ABО and Rhesus antigens and antibodies in patients with hematological diseases

Aim. To assess the aspects of interpretation of pre-transfusion tests in patients with hematological diseases. Material and Methods. We performed an analysis of the results of serological studies of ABО, Rh blood groups in blood samples of 857 patients with oncohematological diseases. ABO blood group determination and typing of D, C, c, E, e, К antigens were carried out using a gel agglutination test. Results. The decrease in strength of the agglutination of standard red blood cells by the patient’s anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies was observed in 112 patients (13.07% of the total number of patients). Abnormal agglutination strength in ABO and Rh antigens testing was observed in 17 patients (1.98% of the total number of patients), among them were 7 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 6 - with сhronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 2 – myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 2 – polycythemia vera (PV). Double populations of red blood cells were mainly detected in patients with MDS (45.61 %), aplastic anemia (AA) (27.27 %), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) (22.73 %), acute leukemia (AL) (22.2 %). In most cases double populations were associated with previous transfusions of blood products, meanwhile, three patients from this group (two patients with CML and one patient with PV) had never received blood transfusions before. Conclusion. Differences in anti-A and anti-B antibodies content were much more common in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) than in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) (85.71% and 8.04%, respectively), while decrease of expression of red blood cell antigens was more typical for MPNs and did not occur in patients with LPDs.

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