Современные возможности бесконтрастной МР-перфузии: от научных исследований до клинической практики

Метод бесконтрастной магнитно-резонансной перфузии (arterial spin labeling, ASL) представляет собой современный неинвазивный подход к оценке тканевой перфузии, приобретающий все большее значение в клинической и научной практике. В отличие от традиционных контрастных методов, ASL позволяет количественно оценивать кровоток без введения контрастного вещества, что особенно важно в ряде клинических случаев и при динамическом наблюдении пациентов. Настоящий обзор систематизирует современные данные о возможностях ASL-перфузии, включая основные области клинического применения и перспективные направления развития. Актуальность темы обусловлена растущим интересом к функциональным методам визуализации и необходимостью стандартизации ASL-протоколов для их широкого внедрения в клиническую практику.

Цель исследования – изучить диагностические возможности ASL, проанализировать современные области применения и перспективы развития метода на основе актуальных научных данных.

Материал и методы. Выполнен ретроспективный обзор рандомизированных клинических и перекрестных исследований с поиском в базах данных PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU на английском и русском языках за 2015–2025 гг. Ключевые слова, используемые для выбора статей: arterial spin labeling (ASL), pulsed ASL, continuous ASL, pseudocontinuous ASL, diffusion-prepared ASL, artificial intelligence ASL, бесконтрастная МР-перфузия. Результаты. Проанализировано 132 статьи, 81 из которых использована для составления обзора. Представлены разновидности метода ASL, а также возможности его применения, тенденций развития в данной области.

Заключение. ASL-перфузия является перспективным неинвазивным методом оценки тканевого кровотока, обладая данными по применению в диагностике различных патологических состояний. Потенциал развития метода связан с методологической и технической оптимизацией, интеграцией искусственного интеллекта на этапе обработки исследования, а также стандартизации протоколов для внедрения в рутинную клиническую практику.

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