The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the pathogenesis of asthma in elderly

The brain­derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is abundantly expressed in nervous and immune systems, as well as in bronchopulmonary system and involves in cellular aging, which figures out interest in studying its role in asthma pathogenesis in the elderly (late asthma). BDNF activation can occur not only through its connection with cellular receptors (tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and P75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR), but also through Keap1/ Nrf2 pathway. Both signalling pathways linked with asthma and aging. In addition, Keap1­independent pathways of Nrf2 activation were described, which are associated with the activity of BDNF and also participate in the aging process and pathogenesis of the asthma. Aging cells acquire senescence­associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is involved in the progression of immunosenescence, inflammaging, lung aging and is capable of mediating the development of asthma in elderly. On the other hand, aging cells can express BDNF and TRKB, which support their viability through SASP. The fact that TRK inhibitors can reduce the viability of aging cells in the experiment allows us to look in a new way at the role of TRKB/BDNF as a target in the treatment of asthma. The role of Nrf2 is described in cellular aging and related SASP, which can also be of interest from the standpoint of studying its role in pathogenesis in the elderly. This review summarizes modern information regarding BDNF, its receptor and receptor­dependent action, as well as the role in inflammation, inflammaging and asthma pathogenesis in elderly.

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