sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250607sibmed-2586Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль нейротрофического фактора мозга в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы у пожилыхThe role of brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the pathogenesis of asthma in elderlyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271КытиковаО. Ю.KytikovaO. Yu.

Кытикова Оксана Юрьевна - д.м.н.

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

Oxana Yu. Kytikova - doctor of medical sciences.

60105, Vladivostok, Russkaya st., 73-g

kytikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198АнтонюкМ. В.AntonyukM. V.

Антонюк Марина Владимировна - д.м.н., проф.

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

Marina V. Antonyuk - doctor of medical sciences, professor.

60105, Vladivostok, Russkaya st., 73-g

antonyukm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201XНовгородцеваТ. П.NovgorodtsevaT. P.

Новгородцева Татьяна Павловна - д.б.н, проф.

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva - doctor of biological sciences, professor.

60105, Vladivostok, Russkaya st., 73-g

nauka@niivl.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840ГвозденкоТ. А.GvozdenkoT. A.

Гвозденко Татьяна Александровна - д.м.н., проф. РАН.

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

Tatyana A. Grozdenko - doctor of medical sciences, professor.

60105, Vladivostok, Russkaya st., 73-g

vfdnz@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-7725УксуменкоА. А.UksumenkoA. A.

Уксуменко Анна Анатольевна - к.м.н.

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

Anna A. Uksumenko - candidate of medical sciences.

60105, Vladivostok, Russkaya st., 73-g

anna_uksumenko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-6443-7145СюниковаК. А.SyunikovaK. A.

Сюникова Ксения Анатольевна

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73-г

Kseniia A. Syunikova

60105, Vladivostok, Russkaya st., 73-g

ksenya-rose@mail.ruВладивостокский филиал Дальневосточного научного центра физиологии и патологии дыхания – НИИ медицинской климатологии и восстановительного леченияРоссияVladivostok Branch Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration– Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative TreatmentRussian Federation2025290120264566983Copyright © Кытикова О.Ю., Антонюк М.В., Новгородцева Т.П., Гвозденко Т.А., Уксуменко А.А., Сюникова К.А., 20262026Кытикова О.Ю., Антонюк М.В., Новгородцева Т.П., Гвозденко Т.А., Уксуменко А.А., Сюникова К.А.Kytikova O.Y., Antonyuk M.V., Novgorodtseva T.P., Gvozdenko T.A., Uksumenko A.A., Syunikova K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2586

Нейротрофический фактор мозга (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF) широко экспрессируется в нервной, иммунной, бронхолегочной системах и вовлечен в процессы клеточного старения, что обусловливает интерес к изучению его роли в патогенезе развития бронхиальной астмы (БА) у пожилых (поздняя БА). Активация BDNF может происходить не только посредством его связи с клеточными рецепторами (высокоаффинный протеин-тирозинкиназный рецептор TrkB и нетирозинкиназный низкоаффинный рецептор p75NTR), но и рецептор-независимым путем, через систему Keap1/Nrf2. Оба сигнальных пути нарушаются при БА и старении. Кроме того, описаны Keap1-независимые пути активации Nrf2, которые также связаны с активностью BDNF и участвуют в процессах старения и патогенезе БА. Стареющие клетки приобретают SASP-фенотип, который участвует в прогрессировании иммуностарения, иммуновоспаления, старения легких и способен опосредовать развитие БА у пожилых людей. С другой стороны, стареющие клетки способны экспрессировать BDNF и TrkB, которые поддерживают их жизнеспособность через SASP. Тот факт, что ингибиторы Trk способны снижать жизнеспособность стареющих клеток в эксперименте, позволяет взглянуть по-новому на роль TrkB/BDNF в качестве мишени при лечении БА у пожилых. Описана роль Nrf2 в нивелировании клеточного старения и связанного с ним SASP, что может также представлять интерес с позиций изучения его роли в патогенезе БА. В настоящем обзоре обобщена современная информация относительно BDNF, его рецепторного и рецептор-независимого действия, а также роли в иммуновоспалительных процессах, старении и патогенезе развития БА у пожилых.

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is abundantly expressed in nervous and immune systems, as well as in bronchopulmonary system and involves in cellular aging, which figures out interest in studying its role in asthma pathogenesis in the elderly (late asthma). BDNF activation can occur not only through its connection with cellular receptors (tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and P75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR), but also through Keap1/ Nrf2 pathway. Both signalling pathways linked with asthma and aging. In addition, Keap1-independent pathways of Nrf2 activation were described, which are associated with the activity of BDNF and also participate in the aging process and pathogenesis of the asthma. Aging cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is involved in the progression of immunosenescence, inflammaging, lung aging and is capable of mediating the development of asthma in elderly. On the other hand, aging cells can express BDNF and TRKB, which support their viability through SASP. The fact that TRK inhibitors can reduce the viability of aging cells in the experiment allows us to look in a new way at the role of TRKB/BDNF as a target in the treatment of asthma. The role of Nrf2 is described in cellular aging and related SASP, which can also be of interest from the standpoint of studying its role in pathogenesis in the elderly. This review summarizes modern information regarding BDNF, its receptor and receptor-dependent action, as well as the role in inflammation, inflammaging and asthma pathogenesis in elderly.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.