Clinical and functional disorders and limitations of life activity of people with disabilities due to malignant neoplasms of the colon as the basic basis of rehabilitation measures

Malignant neoplasms of the colon are one of the most common oncological diseases in the world, characterized by a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. This disease has a significant impact on the quality of life, often leading to disability. In this regard, the study of the clinical and functional characteristics of people with disabilities due to malignant neoplasms of the colon is of particular importance. The effectiveness of their rehabilitation and improving quality of life depends on the compliance of the technologies used, the severity of persistent clinical and functional disorders of the body and the dynamics of their changes, leading to varying severity of disability.

Material and methods. A selective retrospective study (319 units) was conducted, which was formed in the form of Excel spreadsheets using the following methods: data extraction. The χ2 test was used to compare two independent groups, and the relationship between variables was examined using Spearman’s rank test. The critical significance level for the null statistical hypothesis (p) was set to 0.05.

Results and discussion. In people with disabilities, due to malignant neoplasms of the colon, disorders of the functions of the blood, the immune and digestive systems were mainly noted. The greatest share in the structure of disability was made up of restrictions on the ability to work, self-service and movement of the II–III degree. A relationship has been established between the degree of malignancy of the tumor and the severity of disorders of body function, as well as between impaired body function and disability.

Conclusions. Expert rehabilitation diagnostics of people with disabilities due to malignant neoplasms of the colon contributes to the development of patient-oriented programs that take into account the principles of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, which makes it possible to cover the medical, social, psychological and functional aspects of the patient’s condition. The implementation of such programs will enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitation and improve long-term outcomes. Medical, social and expert rehabilitation diagnostics will allow predicting the volume of examinations, the course of the disease and optimizing medical, social and rehabilitation care.

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