Искусственный интеллект и машинное обучение в эстетической и реконструктивной хирургии

Искусственный интеллект (ИИ) и машинное обучение (МО) всe активнее влияют на эстетическую и реконструктивную хирургию. Эти технологии трансформируют клинические процессы, повышая точность, персонализацию и операционную эффективность на различных этапах хирургического лечения. Цель данного обзора – проанализировать текущие области применения, количественно измеримые преимущества и существующие вызовы ИИ и МО в эстетической и реконструктивной хирургии, а также исследовать их возможное влияние на будущее в этой области.

Материал и методы. Обзор обобщает данные современных исследований, технологических оценок и клинического опыта использования ИИ и МО в хирургической практике. Рассматриваются ключевые направления, включая предоперационное планирование, визуализацию, роботизированные системы, интраоперационные инструменты и послеоперационный мониторинг.

Результаты. Установлено, что ИИ и МО позволяют сократить время планирования операций до 35 % и повысить точность оценки симметрии груди бо лее чем на 90 %. Роботизированные системы и автоматизация на базе ИИ улучшают малоинвазивные процедуры и оптимизируют интраоперационные решения. Кроме того, ИИ способствует послеоперационному уходу благодаря прогностическому моделированию, контролю осложнений и интерпретации данных в реальном времени. Несмотря на достижения, сохраняются проблемы, включая алгоритмическую предвзятость, риски для конфиденциальности данных и необходимость клинической валидации.

Заключение. ИИ и МО готовы существенно изменить эстетическую и реконструктивную хирургию. По мере развития этих технологий крайне важно решать этические и нормативные вопросы для их безопасной и эффективной интеграции в клиническую практику.

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