Ossification of own tissues in dental implantation using autologous bone fragments

Aim of the study was to investigate the morphological results of implantation with the introduction of fragments of autologous bone into soft tissues sutured over the device.

Material and methods. The condition of gum tissue in 95 patients before implantation and 4–6 months after the installation of screw dental implants using standard technology (n = 42) or with the placement of fragments of autologous bone, formed during the preparatory procedures, over the implant (n = 47) was study with morphological methods using immunohistochemistry to identify CD68+ cells.

Results. The addition of autologous bone particles to the tissue next to the intraosseous implant promotes the formation of thick and strong bone, reliably isolating the device from the oral cavity, damage during chewing and contamination by microorganisms. 4–6 months after implantation the signs of the inflammatory process (vascular reactions, leukocyte infiltration and formation of a connective tissue capsule) and macrophage response with migration of phagocytes and the formation of giant multinuclear forms are absent in the tissues near the foreign body and remaining bone fragments.

Conclusions. In the case of introducing small fragments of autologous bone, formed during the preparation of the implantation bed, into the soft tissue over the device during surgery, after 4–6 months a dense mass of compact bone with wide osteons and very sparsely located Haversian canals is formed. Bone fragments not included in the bone capsule either lyse with subsequent calcification, or gradually migrate via tissues, even bone, and are eliminated outward. During the formation of a bone dome over the implant, objects similar to dentin may appear.

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