Молекулярные звенья патогенеза эндометриоза – потенциальные мишени диагностики и таргетной терапии: обзор литературы

Эндометриоз является одним из самых распространенных гинекологических заболеваний. Его этиология и патогенез на сегодняшний день не установлены. Актуальными проблемами также являются диагностика и лечение эндометриоза. Существующие теории не объясняют в полной мере причины возникновения и механизмы развития данного заболевания, что не позволяет разработать максимально эффективные тактики лечения и профилактики эндометриоза. Решению этих задач посвящено большое количество современных исследований, среди которых наиболее актуальным является изучение роли различных биомолекул в развитии эндометриоидной болезни. В данном обзоре мы обобщили современные данные по некоторым биомолекулам, которые могут играть важную роль в возникновении эндометриоза: факторам хронического воспаления (М2-ассоциированные факторы, аргиназа-1, CD11b), неоваскуляризации (VEGF, HIF-1α, декорин), инвазии (RPLP1, H3K27me3, TWIST1, RON, CD47, TSP1, SIRPα), аутофагии (LC3B-II, р62, Beclin, NLRC5), а также указывающим на выраженную пролиферативную активность, активный метаболизм в клетках эктопического эндометрия (MCT, GLUT) и формирование нервных волокон (NFASC, CHL1, c-Fos). Изучение данных молекул поможет углубить понимание природы и механизма развития заболевания, разработать диагностический набор его маркеров, а также эффективные методы лечения, в том числе таргетной терапии.

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