The place of tumor lysis syndrome among causes of death in patients with oncohematological diseases (on the example of the Penza region)

Abstract

   Despite the active development of diagnostics, therapy and accumulation of knowledge in oncology, mortality rates from malignant neoplasms remain high all over the world to this day. The reason is the untimely diagnosis, provision of assistance and incorrectness of the prescribed therapy. The latter, in addition to the possible ineffectiveness of treatment, is closely associated with the development of a life-threatening condition: tumor lysis syndrome (TLS).

   Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TLS depending on the type of diagnosed malignant neoplasm in cancer patients using the example of data from the Penza region for 2021-2023.

   Material and methods. The data of the Regional Information and Analytical Medical System “ProMed” were analyzed. Mortality was studied during the period from 2021 to 2023.

   Results. There were 16 cases of deaths from malignant neoplasms accompanied by TLS, which constitutes 0.4 % of the total number of deaths due to malignant neoplasms. TLS mainly accompanied malignant neoplasms of the lungs and bronchi – 25 % of cases, malignant neoplasms of the sigmoid colon – 12.5 % and malignant neoplasms of the larynx – 12.5 % of the total number of TLS cases for the specified period, despite global statistics indicating the highest incidence of TLS among hematological and lymphoproliferative types of cancer.

   Conclusion. The prevalence of TLS in malignant neoplasms of the lungs, bronchi, larynx and sigmoid colon has been established. TLS extremely rarely accompanies malignant neoplasms. The increase in the frequency of detection of tumor disintegration syndrome in 2021–2023 shows the improvement of diagnostic methods for the syndrome.