Бронхолегочная система в рамках синдрома пост-COVID-19: обзор литературы

Целью данного обзора является описание имеющихся научных данных о синдроме пост-COVID-19, формирование основных подходов к классификации, определение потенциальных механизмов его патогенеза, а также определение механизмов развития патологии бронхолегочной системы в рамках синдрома пост-COVID-19. Известно, что длительное сохранение симптомов COVID-19 значительно снижает качество жизни пациентов посредством прямого или косвенного влияния вируса SARS-CoV-2 на ряд органов и систем. В обзоре подробно рассмотрены возможные патогенетические механизмы синдрома пост-COVID-19, описаны наиболее распространенные последствия острого COVID-19 с учетом тяжести заболевания, включая заболевания дыхательной системы, в частности интерстициальные и бронхообструктивные заболевания. Особое внимания уделено вышеуказанным проблемам с целью описания и структурирования имеющихся научных данных о заболеваниях легких в рамках синдрома пост-COVID-19. При этом стоит отметить, что исследований, посвященных изменениям со стороны бронхолегочной системы в постковидный период, крайне мало. Основная их масса затрагивает лишь отдельные проявления заболеваний дыхательной системы, в частности кашель и одышку, и не направлена на определение причинно-следственных связей и отношения этих симптомов к конкретной нозологии. Учитывая сохраняющуюся высокую заболеваемость COVID-19, не остается сомнений в необходимости проведения дополнительных исследований бронхолегочных проявлений постковидного синдрома. В качестве литературных источников использовались сведения из баз данных PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus, Jstor, HighWire Press, Medscape.

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