Anterior talofibular ligament plastic in patients with chronic ankle instability (literature review)
https://doi.org/10.18699/SSMJ20230508
Abstract
Ankle joint injury is one of the leading nosologies in the general structure of the musculoskeletal system lesions, not only among professional athletes, but also among the adult population in general. In case of conservative therapy ineffectiveness, chronic instability of the ankle joint develops, which can significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life, in this situation, the surgical treatment becomes uncontested. The choice of the surgical intervention method is determined not only by the nature of the injury, but also by the ligamentous-tendon apparatus condition. In addition, to a large extent, surgical tactics is chosen based on the preferences of the individual surgeon. The article describes the anatomical and physiological features and risk factors that determine the occurrence of acute the ankle joint instability and its transition to a chronic state, as well as the main methods of the anterior talofibular ligament plastic surgery and their common modifications. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness evaluating methods of surgical techniques on cadaveric ligamentous material. An analysis of the literature shows that the study of the issue remains insufficient. New clinical data obtaining will increase the effectiveness of the surgical technique for ankle instability treating and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.
About the Authors
G. G. Zakharov
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2
M. A. Zakharova
“Chaika” Clinic
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
candidate of medical sciences
123112, Moscow, Presnenskaya emb., 8/1
A. V. Lychagin
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
doctor of medical sciences
119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2
A. R. Drogin
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
candidate of medical sciences
119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2
A. A. Podlesnaya
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2
References
1. Al-Mohrej O.A., Al-Kenani N.S. Chronic ankle instability: Current perspectives. Avicenna J. Med. 2016;6(4):103–108. doi: 10.4103/2231-0770.191446
2. Hølmer P., Søndergaard L., Konradsen L., Nielsen P.T., Jørgensen L.N. Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(2):72– 74. doi: 10.1177/107110079401500204
3. Waterman B.R., Belmont P.J. Jr., Cameron K.L., Svoboda S.J., Alitz C.J., Owens B.D. Risk factors for syndesmotic and medial ankle sprain: role of sex, sport, and level of competition. Am. J. Sports Med. 2011;39(5):992–998. doi: 10.1177/0363546510391462
4. Herzog M.M., Kerr Z.Y., Marshal S.W., Wikstrom E.A. Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2019;54(6):603–610. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-447-17
5. Giannini S., Ruffilli A., Pagliazzi G., Mazzotti A., Evangelisti G., Buda R., Faldini C. Treatment algorithm for chronic lateral ankle instability. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4(4):455–460.
6. Kurov M.A., Golubev V.G. The role of the risk factors on the development of chronic post-traumatic instability of the ankle joint. Rossiyskiy mediko-biologicheskiy vestnik imeni akademika Ivana Petrovicha Pavlova = I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2018;26(3):430–439. [In Russian]. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ2018263430-439
7. Waterman B.R., Owens B.D., Davey S., Zacchilli M.A., Belmont P. Jr. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2010;92(13):2279–2284. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01537
8. Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):364–375.
9. Sarcon A.K., Heyrani N., Giza E., Kreulen C. Lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2019;4(2):2473011419846938. doi: 10.1177/2473011419846938
10. Golanó P., Vega J., de Leeuw P.A., Malagelada F., Manzanares M.C., Götzens V., van Dijk C.N. Anatomy of the ankle: a pictorial essay. Knee Surg. Sports. Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2010;18(5):557–569. doi: 10.1007/s00167-010-1100-x
11. Clanton T.O., Campbell K.J., Wilson K.J. Qualitative and quantitative anatomic investigation of the lateral ankle ligaments for surgical reconstruction procedures. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2014;96(12):e98. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.M.00798
12. Cao Y., Hong Y., Xu Y., Zhu Y., Xu X. Surgical management of chronic lateral ankle instability: a meta-analysis. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2018;13(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0870-6
13. Attarian D.E., McCrackin H.J., Devito D.P., McElhaney J.H., Garrett W.E. A biomechanical study of human lateral ankle ligaments and autogenous reconstructive grafts. Am. J. Sports Med. 1985;13(6):377– 381. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300602
14. van Rijn R.M., van Os A.G., Bernsen R.M., Luijsterburg P.A., Koes B.W., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M. What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? A systematic literature review. Am. J. Med. 2008;121(4):324–331. e6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.11.018
15. Renstrom P.A., Lynch S.A. Ankle ligament injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 1997;31(1):11–20. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.1.11
16. Valovich McLeod T.C., Snyder A.R., Parsons J.T., Curtis Bay R., Michener L.A., Sauers E.L. Using disablement models and clinical outcomes assessment to enable evidence-based athletic training practice, part I: disablement models. J. Athl. Train. 2008;43(4):428–436. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.437
17. Vuurberg G., Hoorntje A., Wink L.M., van der Doelen B.F.W., van den Bekerom M.P., Dekker R., van Dijk C.N., Krips R., Loogman M.C.M., Ridderikhof M.L., … Kerkhoffs G.M.M. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2018;52(15):956. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098106
18. Hiller C.E., Kilbreath S.L., Refshauge K.M. Chronic ankle instability: evolution of the model. J. Athl. Train. 2011;46(2):133–141. doi: 10.4085/10626050-46.2.133
19. Safran M.R., Benedetti R.S., Bartolozzi A.R. 3rd, Mandelbaum B.R. Lateral ankle sprains: a comprehensive review, part 1: etiology, pathoanatomy, histopathogenesis, and diagnosis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1999;31(7 Suppl):429–437. doi: 10.1097/00005768199907001-00004
20. Davis P.F., Trevino S.G. Ankle injuries. In: Baxter D.E., ed. The Foot and Ankle in Sport. Vol 1. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, 1995. P. 158–164.
21. Karlsson J., Lansinger O. Lateral instability of the ankle joint. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1992;(276):253–261.
22. Bernier J.N., Perrin D.H., Rijke A. Effect of unilateral functional instability of the ankle on postural sway and inversion and eversion strength. J. Athl. Train. 1997;32(3):226–232.
23. Freeman M.A. Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1965;47(4):669–677.
24. Coughlin M.J., Schenck R.C. Jr, Grebing B.R., Treme G. Comprehensive reconstruction of the lateral ankle for chronic instability using a free gracilis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(4):231–241. doi: 10.1177/107110070402500407
25. Evans G.A., Hardcastle P., Frenyo A.D. Acute rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. To suture or not to suture? J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1984;66(2):209– 212. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.66B2.6368563
26. Tropp H., Odenrick P., Gillquist J. Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint. Int. J. Sports. Med. 1985;6(3):180–182. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025836
27. Casillas M.M. Ligament injuries of the foot and ankle in adult athletes. In: Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. Vol 2. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2002. P. 2323–2348.
28. Konradsen L., Bech L., Ehrenbjerg M., Nickelsen T. Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2002;12(3):129– 135. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.02104.x
29. Ryan L. Mechanical stability, muscle strength and proprioception in the functionally unstable ankle. Aust. J. Physiother. 1994;40(1):41–47. doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60453-0
30. Rosenbaum D., Becker H.P., Gerngroß H., Claes L. Peroneal reaction times for diagnosis of functional ankle instability. Foot Ankle Surg. 2000;6(1):31– 38. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9584.2000.00177.x
31. MacAuley D. Review Ankle injuries: same joint, different sports. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 1999;31(7 Suppl):409–411. doi: 10.1097/00005768-19990700100001
32. Wester J.U., Jespersen S.M., Nielsen K.D., Neumann L. Wobble board training after partial sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a prospective randomized study. J. Orthop. Sports. Phys. Ther. 1996;23(5):332–336. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1996.23.5.332
33. Gribble P.A., Delahunt E., Bleakley C.M., Caulfield B., Docherty C.L., Fong D.T., Fourchet F., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., Kaminski T.W., … Wikstrom E.A. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J. Athl. Train. 2014;49(1):121–127. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.14
34. Gribble P.A., Bleakley C.M., Caulfield B.M., Docherty C.L., Fourchet F., Fong D.T.P., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., Kaminski T.W., McKeon P.O., … Delahunt E. 2016 consensus statement of the International Ankle Consortium: prevalence, impact and long-term consequences of lateral ankle sprains. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2016;50(24):1493–1495. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096188
35. Delahunt E., Bleakley C.M., Bossard D.S., Caulfield B.M., Docherty C.L., Doherty C., Fourchet F., Fong D.T., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., … Gribble P.A. Clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries (ROAST): 2019 consensus statement and recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2018;52(20):1304–1310. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098885
36. Ajis A., Maffulli N. Conservative management of chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):531–537. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.004
37. Mattacola C.G., Dwyer M.K. Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):413–429.
38. Janssen K.W., van Mechelen W., Verhagen E.A. Bracing superior to neuromuscular training for the prevention of self-reported recurrent ankle sprains: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2014;48(16):1235–1239. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092947
39. Surve I., Schwellnus M.P., Noakes T., Lombard C. A fivefold reduction in the incidence of recurrent ankle sprains in soccer players using the Sport-Stirrup orthosis. Am. J. Sports. Med. 1994;22(5):601–606. doi: 10.1177/036354659402200506
40. McGuine T.A., Keene J.S. The effect of a balance training program on the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2006;34(7):1103– 1111. doi: 10.1177/0363546505284191
41. Baumhauer J.F., O’Brien T. Surgical considerations in the treatment of ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):458–462.
42. McCriskin B.J., Cameron K.L., Orr J.D., Waterman B.R. Management and prevention of acute and chronic lateral ankle instability in athletic patient populations. World J. Orthop. 2015;6(2):161–171. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i2.161
43. Guillo S., Bauer T., Lee J.W., Takao M., Kong S.W., Stone J.W., Mangone P.G., Molloy A., Perera A., Pearce C.J., … Calder J. Consensus in chronic ankle instability: aetiology, ssessment, surgical indications and place for arthroscopy. Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. 2013;99(8 Suppl):411–419. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2013.10.009
44. Gerstner Garces J.B. Chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2012;17(3):389–398. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2012.06.001
45. Chrisman O.D., Snook G.A. Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle: an experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedure. J. Bone Joint Surg. Ser A. 1969;51:904–912. doi: 10.2106/00004623-196951050-00007
46. Evans D.L. Recurrent instability of the ankle; a method of surgical treatment. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1953;46(5):343–344.
47. Watson-Jones R. Recurrent forward dislocation of the ankle joint. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1952;34:519.
48. Bahr R., Pena F., Shine J., Lew W.D., Tyrdal S., Engebretsen L. Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction. An in vitro comparison of the Brostrom repair, Watson-Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstruction technique. Am. J. Sports. Med. 1997;25(4):424–432. doi: 10.1177/036354659702500402
49. Bell S.J., Mologne T.S., Sitler D.F., Cox J.S. Twenty-six-year results after Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2006;34(6):975–978. doi: 10.1177/0363546505282616
50. Nakata K., Shino K., Horibe S., Natsuume T., Mae T., Ochi T. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using solvent-dried and gamma-irradiated allogeneic fascia lata. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2000;82(4):579–582. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.82b4.10368
51. Boyer D.S., Younger A.S. Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle using a gracilis autograft. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):585– 595. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.06.017
52. Xu X., Hu M., Liu J., Zhu Y., Wang B. Minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using semitendinosus autograft or tendon allograft. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(10):1015–1021. doi: 10.1177/1071100714540145
53. Paterson R., Cohen B., Taylor D., Bourne A., Black J. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using semi-tendinosis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(5):413–419. doi: 10.1177/107110070002100510
54. Matheny L.M., Johnson N.S., Liechti D.J., Clanton T.O. Activity level and function after lateral ankle ligament repair versus reconstruction. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2016;44(5):1301–1308. doi: 10.1177/0363546515627817
55. Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. V. Treatment and prognosis in recent ligament ruptures. Acta Chir. Scand. 1966;132(5):537–550.
56. Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of “chronic” ligament ruptures. Acta Chir. Scand. 1966;132(5):551–565.
57. Gould N. Repair of lateral ligament of ankle. Foot Ankle. 1987;8(1):55–58. doi: 10.1177/107110078700800111
58. Gould N., Seligson D., Gassman J. Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle. Foot Ankle. 1980;1(2):84–89. doi: 10.1177/107110078000100206
59. Hamilton W.G., Thompson F.M., Snow S.W. The modified Brostrom procedure for lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(1):1–7. doi: 10.1177/107110079301400101
60. Liu W., Li H., Hua Y. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis of anterior talofibular ligament in lateral chronic ankle instability ankles preand postoperatively. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1758-z
61. Drakos M.C., Behrens S.B., Paller D., Murphy C., DiGiovanni C.W. Biomechanical comparison of an open vs arthroscopic approach for lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(8):809–815. doi: 10.1177/1071100714535765
62. Maffulli N., Del Buono A., Maffulli G.D., Oliva F., Testa V., Capasso G., Denaro V. Isolated anterior Talofibular ligament Broström repair for chronic lateral ankle instability. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2013;41(4):858– 864. doi: 10.1177/0363546512474967
63. Yeo E.D., Lee K.T., Sung I.H., Lee S.G., Lee Y.K. Comparison of all-inside arthroscopic and open techniques for the modified Brostrom procedure for ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(10):1037– 1045. doi: 10.1177/1071100716666508
64. Rigby R.B., Cottom J.M. A comparison of the “all-inside” arthroscopic Brostrom procedure with the traditional open modified Brostrom-Gould technique: a review of 62 patients. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25(1):31– 36. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.07.642
65. Vega J., Golano P., Pellegrino A., Rabat E., Pena F. All-inside arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament repair for ankle instability with a knotless suture anchor technique. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(12):1701– 1709. doi: 10.1177/1071100713502322
66. Matsakyan A.M., Kesyan G.A., Okhurenko A.A., Butaev B.G., Shirmazanyan A.G., Protsko V.G. Use of modified arthroscopic ancle joint stabilization for the treatment of chronic lateral instability Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii = Reporter of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2017;(1):32–36. [In Russian].
67. Guelfi M., Zamperetti M., Pantalone A., Usuelli F.G., Salini V., Oliva X.M. Open and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for treatment of chronic ankle instability: a systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;24(1):11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2016.05.315
68. Xu D.L., Gan K.F., Li H.J., Zhou S.Y., Lou Z.Q., Wang Y., Li G.Q., Ruan C., Hu X., Chen Y.L., Ma W.H. Modified Broström repair with and without augmentation using suture tape for chronic lateral ankle instability. Orthop. Surg. 2019;11(4):671–678. doi: 10.1111/os.12516
69. Petrera M., Dwyer T., Theodoropoulos J.S., Ogilvie-Harris D.J. Shortto medium-term outcomes after a modified Brostrom repair for lateral ankle instability with immediate postoperative weightbearing. Am. J. Sports Med. 2014;42(7):1542–1548. doi: 10.1177/0363546514530668
70. Waldrop N.E. 3rd, Wijdicks C.A., Jansson K.S., LaPrade R.F., Clanton T.O. Anatomic suture anchor versus the Brostrom technique for anterior talofibular ligament repair: a biomechanical comparison. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2012;40(11):2590–2596. doi: 10.1177/0363546512458420
71. Schuh R., Benca E., Willegger M., Hirtler L.3, Zandieh S., Holinka J., Windhager R. Comparison of Brostrom technique, suture anchor repair, and tape augmentation for reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2016;24(4):1101–1107. doi: 10.1007/s00167-0153631-7
72. Cho B.K., Park K.J., Park J.K., SooHoo N.F. Outcomes of the modified brostrom procedure augmented with suture-tape for ankle instability in patients with generalized ligamentous laxity. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(4):405–411. doi: 10.1177/1071100716683348
73. Messer T.M., Cummins C.A., Ahn J., Kelikian A.S. Outcome of the modified Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability using suture anchors. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(12):996–1003. doi: 10.1177/107110070002101203
74. Cho B.K., Park K.J., Kim S.W., Lee H.J., Choi S.M. Minimal invasive suture-tape augmentation for chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(11):1330–1338. doi: 10.1177/1071100715592217
75. Li X., Killie H., Guerrero P., Busconi B.D. Anatomical reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability in the high-demand athlete: functional outcomes after the modified Brostrom repair using suture anchors. Am. J. Sports Med. 2009;37(3):488–494. doi: 10.1177/0363546508327541
Review
Views:
434
Email this article 