Экспериментальные модели сколиоза на животных для понимания этиологии идиопатического сколиоза

Идиопатический сколиоз – распространенное заболевание опорно-двигательного аппарата, поражающее 2–3 % детей и подростков во всем мире. Этиология и патогенез сколиотической деформации позвоночника до сих пор не раскрыты, несмотря на многочисленные многолетние исследования. Моделирование сколиоза на животных может стать основой, позволяющей изучить возможные этиологические факторы и патогенетические механизмы формирования рассматриваемой патологии и перспективы возможного лечения сколиоза в будущем. На сегодняшний день создано и изучено множество разных типов моделей сколиотической болезни. Целью настоящего обзора явился анализ литературных данных моделирования сколиоза на животных для понимания этиологического фактора идиопатического сколиоза у человека. Материал и методы. Обзор выполнен с использованием баз данных электронных информационных ресурсов PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, eLibrary.ru. Анализ проведен по следующим поисковым словам: «идиопатический сколиоз», «экспериментальная модель сколиоза», «модель сколиоза на животных», «механические модели сколиоза», «модели резекции пинеальной железы», «генетические модели сколиоза». Результаты. Анализ данных научной литературы подтверждает высокую значимость экспериментальных моделей сколиоза на животных для изучения этиологии идиопатического сколиоза. В обзоре обобщены и проанализированы сведения об основных направлениях моделирования сколиотической деформации: механические, нейроэндокринные и генетические модели. Заключение. Модели сколиоза, представленные в литературе, осуществлены с разной степенью успешности и не смогли прояснить вопроса этиологии патологии позвоночника, однако они являются полезным средством для тестирования вмешательств, направленных на исправление и предотвращение деформации. Разработка оптимальной экспериментальной модели сколиоза на животных в дальнейшем позволит преодолеть имеющиеся ограничения в определении этиологического фактора идиопатического сколиоза и описать процессы развития болезни, характерные для человека.

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