Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers and their association with the family predisposition to peptic ulcer disease in Siberian schoolchildren

The aim is to study the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers and their association with a family predisposition for ulcer disease in Siberian schoolchildren. Material and methods. We have examined schoolchildren aged 7–17 years in three regions of Siberia (Republic of Tyva, Evenkia and Buryatia) in localities identical to their socio-economic level. Data collected using a cross-sectional method using standardized questionnaires on the presence of gastroenterological complaints and information about ulcer disease of relatives in the 1st and 2nd generations in 1535 schoolchildren in Tuva, 790 in Buryatia and 1369 in Evenkia. Diagnosis of GERD was based on the presence of complaints of heartburn, in accordance with international consensus in the pediatric population. We performed gastroscopy randomly method in each region at schoolchildren with gastrointestinal complaints (283 children in Tyva, 110 in Buryatia, 205 in Evenkia). Results. There was an increase in the GERD frequency among Siberian children with anamnesis data on the presence of peptic ulcer in relatives (9.9 and 5.9 %, respectively, p = 0.0025). The most unfavorable situation has been observed in the population of schoolchildren of the Republic of Tuva (10.6 % with a burdened history and 9.3 % without it, p = 0.5389). We have not revealed the significant increase of gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers in children with a poor family history of peptic ulcer disease (12.6 and 10.4 %, respectively, p = 0.5263), including Tuva schoolchildren where they were more often detected. The GERD association with erosive ulcerative process in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum was ambiguous and had population (regional) features in schoolchildren with a burdened family history of peptic ulcer disease. Conclusion. Siberian schoolchildren with a family predisposition to peptic ulcer disease have certain regional features in the association of gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers with GERD.

1. Vorob'eva A.V. Osobennosti techeniya khronicheskogo gastroduodenita u detei. Vestn. nov. med. tekhnologii. 2016; (1): 229-234. https://doi.org/10.12737/18573 Vorobiyova A.V. The peculiarities of chronic gastroduodenitis in children (literature review). Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy = Journal of New Medical Technologies. 2016; (1): 229-234. [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.12737/18573

2. Zaprudnov A.M., Grigor'ev K.I., Kharitonova L.A., Bogomaz L.V., Yudina T.M. Problemy i perspektivy sovremennoi detskoi gastroenterologii. Pediatriya. 2016; (6): 10-18. Zaprudnov A.M., Grigor’ev K.I., Kharitonova L.A., Bogomaz L.V., Yudina T.M. Problems and perspectives of modern pediatric gastroenterology. Pediatriya = Pediatrics. 2016; (6): 10-18. [In Russian].

3. Malanicheva T.G., Ziatdinova N.V., Denisova S.N. Rasprostranennost' zabolevanii verkhnikh otdelov pishchevaritel'nogo trakta u detei rannego i doshkol'nogo vozrasta. Eksperim. i klin. gastroenterologiya. 2012; (1): 55-58. Malanicheva T.G., Ziatdinova N.V., Denisova S.N. Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tract diseases in infants and preschool children. Eksperimental’naya i klinicheskaya gastroenterologiya = Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2012; (1): 55-58. [In Russian].

4. Boraeva T.T., Tsvetkova L.N. Rasprostranennost' i faktory riska formirovaniya vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii verkhnikh otdelov pishchevaritel'nogo trakta u detei v Respublike Severnaya Osetiya-Alaniya. Pediatriya. 2010; 89 (3): 140-143. Borayeva T.T., Tsvetkova L.N. Prevalence and risk factors for the formation of inflammatory diseases of the upper digestive tract in children in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. Pediatriya = Pediatrics. 2010; 89 (3): 140-143. [In Russian].

5. Reveiz L., Guerrero-Lozano R., Camacho A., Yara L., Mosquera P.A. Stress ulcer, gastritis, and gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill pediatric patients: a systematic review. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 2010; 11 (1): 124-132. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181b80e70

6. Mousa H., Hassan M. Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 2017; 64 (3): 487- 505. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016 /j.pcl.2017.01.003

7. Ristic N., Milovanovic I., Radusinovic M., Stevic M., Ristic M., Ristic M., Kisic Tepavcevic D., Alempijevic T. The comparative analyses of different diagnostic approaches in detection of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (11): e0187081. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187081

8. Graham D.Y. History of Helicobacter pylori, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. World J. Gastroenterol. 2014; 20 (18): 5191-5204. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5191

9. Tack J., Pandolfino J.E. Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. 2018; 154 (2): 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.047

10. Dunlap J.J., Patterson S. Peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterol. Nursing. 2019; 42 (5): 451-454. https://doi.org/10.1097/sga.0000000000000478

11. Lopatina V.V. Faktory riska v razvitii yazvennoi bolezni. Zdorov'e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya. 2011; 225 (12): 16-18. Lopatina V.V. Risk factors in the development of ulcer disease. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya = Public Health and Life Environment. 2011; 225 (12): 16-18. [In Russian]

12. Wu Y., Fan Y., Jiang Y., Wang Y., Liu H., Wei M. Analysis of risk factors associated with precancerous lesion of gastric cancer in patients from eastern China: A comparative study. J. Cancer Res. Ther. 2013; 9 (2): 205-209. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.113351

13. Tabiri S., Akanbong P., Abubakari B.B. Assessment of the environmental risk factors for a gastric ulcer in northern Ghana. PAMJ. 2016; 25: 160. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2016.25.160.8531

14. Aksel' E.M. Statistika zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta. Sib. onkol. zhurn. 2017; 16 (3): 5-11. https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2017-3-5-11 Axel E.M. Gastrointestinal cancer statistics. Sibirskiy onkologicheskiy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2017; 16 (3): 5-11. [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2017-3-5-11

15. Moskalenko O.L. Gastroduodenal'naya patologiya u detei Sibiri: epidemiologiya. V mire nauch. otkrytii. 2015; 70 (10-1): 457-476. Moskalenko O.L. Gastroduodenal pathology in children of Siberia: epidemiology. V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy = In the World of Scientific Discovery. 2015; 70 (10-1): 457-476. [In Russian].

16. Polivanova T.V., Pulikov A.S., Vshivkov V.A., Murav'eva N.G. Sostoyanie kollagenovykh volokon v slizistoi zheludka u shkol'nikov s zabolevaniyami gastroduodenal'noi zony v populyatsiyakh Sibiri. Mezhdunar. zhurn. prikl. i fundam. issledovanii. 2014; 9 (2): 82-85. Polivanova T.V., Pulikov A.S., Vshivkov V.A., Muraviyova N.G. State of collagen fibers in stomach mucosa in schoolchildren with gastroduodenal diseases in siberial populations. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental’nykh issledovaniy = International Journal of Applied and Basic Research. 2014; 9 (2): 82-85. [In Russian].

17. Sherman P.M., Hassall E., Fagundes-Neto U., Gold B.D., Kato S., Koletzko S., Orenstein S., Rudolph C., Vakil N., Vandenplas Y. A global, evidencebased consensus on the definition of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the pediatric population. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2009; 104 (5): 1278-1295. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.129

18. Rebrova O.Yu. Opisanie statisticheskogo analiza dannykh v original'nykh stat'yakh. Tipichnye oshibki. Endoskop. khirurgiya. 2011; 17 (5): 35-38. Rebrova O.Yu. Description of statistical analysis of data in original articles. typical errors. Endoskopicheskaya khirurgiya = Endoscopic Surgery. 2011; 17 (5): 35-38. [In Russian].

19. Smolka A.J., Schubert M.L. Helicobacter pylori-induced changes in gastric acid secretion and upper gastrointestinal disease. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 2017; 400: 227-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_10

20. Hen T., Lu M., Wang X., Yang Y., Zhang J., Jin L., Ye W. Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in a Chinese retiree cohort. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012; 12: 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-12-161

21. Fujiwara Y., Arakawa T. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of GERD in the Japanese population. J. Gastroenterol. 2009; 44 (6): 518-534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-009-0047-5

22. Broeva M.I., Surkov A.N., Chernikov V.V. Sovremennye problemy diagnostiki i lecheniya funktsional'nykh zabolevanii zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u detei. Pediatr. farmakologiya. 2017; 14 (6): 527-534. https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v1416.1837 Broeva M.I., Surkov A.N., Chernikov V.V. Current Issues of Diagnosis and Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children. Pediatricheskaya farmakologiya = Pediatric Pharmacology. 2017; 14 (6): 527-534. [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.15690/pf.v1416.1837

23. Polivanova T.V., Kasparov E.V., Vshivkov V.A. Helicobacter pylori infektsiya u detei Sibiri. Novosibirsk, 2018. 128 s. Polivanova T.V., Kasparov E.V., Vshivkov V.A. Helicobacter pylori infection in children of Siberia. Novosibirsk, 2018. 128 p. [In Russian].

24. Polivanova T.V. Rasprostranennost' i kliniko-morfologicheskaya kharakteristika gastroduodenal'noi patologii u shkol'nikov razlichnykh regionov Vostochnoi Sibiri: avtoref. dis. … dokt. med. nauk. Krasnoyarsk, 2007. Polivanova T.V. The prevalence and clinical and morphological characteristics of gastroduodenal pathology in schoolchildren in various regions of Eastern Siberia: abs. dis. ... doct. med. sciences. Krasnoyarsk, 2007. [In Russian].

25. Boyanova L., Hadzhiyski P., Markovska R., Yaneva P., Yordanov D., Gergova G., Mitov I. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is still high among symptomatic Bulgarian children. Acta Microbiol. Immunol. Hung. 2019; 66 (2): 255-260. https://doi.org/10.1556/030.65.2018.053

26. Burgard M., Kotilea K., Mekhael J., MiendjeDeyi V.Y., De Prez C., Vanderpas J., Cadranel S., Bontems P. Evolution of Helicobacter pylori associated with gastroduodenal ulcers or erosions in children over the past 23 years: Decline or steady state? Helicobacter. 2019; 24 (5): e12629. https://doi.org/10.1111/hel.12629

27. Hoepler W., Hammer K., Hammer J. Gastric phenotype in children with Helicobacter pylori infection undergoing upper endoscopy. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2011; 46 (3): 293-298. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2010.533383

28. Pogoriler J., Kamin D., Goldsmith D.J. Pediatric non-Helicobacter pylori atrophic gastritis: a case series. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2015; 39 (6): 786-792. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0000000000000378