H2S IN THE NEURODEGENERATION: A «DOUBLE-FACED JANUS»
https://doi.org/10.15372/SSMJ20190505
Abstract
This paper reviews current literature data on the participation of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders – Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the CNS the level of H<sub>2</sub>S is determined by the enzymes of its synthesis – cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). H<sub>2</sub>S is a gasotransmitter, the action of which is realized through chemical and conformational modification of protein molecules simultaneously in spacious pools of cells – in a «broad field». The effects of H<sub>2</sub>S are highly divergent when a certain threshold is reached, it moves from the neuroprotection to the neurodegeneration. The neurodegeneration is mediated by both increased (in ALS) and decreased (PD, AD, HD) levels of H<sub>2</sub>S production, which is determined by the activity of different enzymes of its synthesis – CBS (PD, AD, ALS) or CSE (HD) – depending on the specificity of the certain disorder, that leads to the deployment of the especial pattern of neurological events. The disturbances in sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism and thiol-disulfide homeostasis are an integrative part in H<sub>2</sub>S-dependent mechanism of the neurodegeneration. The opposite/divergent negative effect of H<sub>2</sub>S, the involvement of different enzymes of its synthesis and some products of transformation in the pathological process suggest about the dual nature of H<sub>2</sub>S as a signaling molecule at neurodegenerative disorders.
Keywords
hydrogen sulfide,
neurodegeneration,
Parkinson’s disease,
Alzheimer’s disease,
Huntington’s disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Supporting agencies: This study was funded by the Federal Budget in the framework of the Research, Development, and Technological Work No. АААА-А18-118021490093-4 «Functional, metabolic, and toxicological aspects of the existence of aquatic organisms and their populations in biotopes with different physical and chemical regimes» and No. AAAA-A18-118020790229-7 «Structural and functional organization, productivity and sustainability of marine pelagic ecosystems».
About the Author
E. E. Kolesnikova
A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
candidate of biological sciences
299011, Sevastopol, Nakhimov av., 2
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Review
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Kolesnikova E.E. H2S IN THE NEURODEGENERATION: A «DOUBLE-FACED JANUS». Сибирский научный медицинский журнал. 2019;39(5):41-51. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15372/SSMJ20190505
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