Prevalence of behavioral risk factors for circulatory system diseases among bearing production workers

Correction of behavioral risk factors (BRFs) as the basic basis of systems for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases for various population groups is one of the urgent tasks in the field of public health. Aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of BRFs for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among bearing production workers for the subsequent development of preventive measures. Material and methods. A sociological study of behavioral lifestyle factors contributing to the development of CVD (smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, low physical activity, irresponsible medical behavior) was carried out in a group of bearing production workers (n = 382), taking into account gender and age differences. Results and discussion. The prevalence of smoking was 39.7 %, with a higher proportion of men smoking than women (42.8 and 22.9 %, respectively, p < 0.001). Alcohol (in moderate quantities) is consumed by 71.5 % of respondents, statistically significantly more often (p < 0.001) by men (75.8 %) than women (58.7 %). The prevalence of physical inactivity was 10.64 % and was more pronounced (p = 0.011) among women compared to men (15.0 and 7.4 %, respectively) and among young people (18–39 years old) compared to middle-aged people (40–65 years old) (p = 0.005). The majority of study participants (82.2 %) do not adhere to healthy eating rules (52.4 % men, 35.8 % women). Insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits was found (in 30.0 and 34.0 %, respectively), fish (in 80 %), olive oil (in 100 % of those surveyed). 90 % consume excess salt. Low preventive medical activity of workers was revealed, manifested in an unreasonably high assessment of their own health, refusal to see a doctor for therapeutic purposes, self-medication, and neglect of preventive medical examinations. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the priority of the population direction of preventive measures aimed at correcting the behavioral risk factors of CSD in the working population and increasing motivation for a healthy lifestyle and health-saving behavior.

1. Kosolapov V.P., Yarmonova M.V. The analysis of high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the adult population as a medical and social problem and the search for ways to solve it. Ural’skiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Ural Medical Journal. 2021;20(1):58–64. [In Russian]. doi: 10.52420/2071-5943-2021-20-1-58-64

2. Russian statistical yearbook. 2022: Stat. Sat. Rosstat. M., 2022. 691 p. Available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Ejegodnik_2022.pdf [In Russian].

3. Zubkova T.S., Zamyatnina E.S., Khalturina D.A. The system of indicators of behavioral risk factors in Russia at the national and regional levels. Obshchestvennoe zdorov’ye = Public Health. 2021;1(4):56–67. [In Russian]. doi: 10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-4-56-67

4. Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in the WHO European Region 2016–2025. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2016. [In Russian]. Available at: https://who-sandbox.squiz.cloud/data/assets/pdf_file/0019/346330/NCD-ActionPlan-RU.pdf [In Russian].

5. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013–2020 (resolution WHA66.10). Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506236

6. Garipova F.G., Khabibullina A.R., Aleksandrova E.A. Workplace interventions aimed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Zdorov’ye naseleniya i sreda obitaniya = Public Health and Life Environment. 2021;29(12):17–29. [In Russian]. doi: 10.35627/2219-5238/2021-29-12-17-29

7. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 16, 2021 No. 2580-r “On approval of the action plan for the implementation in 2021–2025 of the Concept of demographic policy of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025”. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402722527/ [In Russian].

8. Novikova T.A., Bezrukova G.A., Kochetova N.A., Migacheva A.G., Aleshina Yu.A., Raikova S.V. Occupational risk of developing chronic non-infectious diseases in bearing production workers. Zdravookhraneniye Rossiyskoy Federatsii = Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2023;67(6):562–569. [In Russian]. doi: 10.47470/0044-197X-2023-67-6-562-569

9. Guidelines 2.1.10.0033-11 “Risk assessment associated with the impact of lifestyle factors on public health”. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200111974 [In Russian].

10. IPAQ Core Group. Guidelines for data processing and analysis of IPAQ – short and long forms. Available at: https://www.physio-pedia.com/images/c/c7/Quidelines_for_interpreting_the_IPAQ.pdf

11. Guidelines MP 2.3.1.0253-21 “Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation”. Available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402716140/ [In Russian].

12. Software package «Optimal nutrition, version MyD 5.0» Available at https://ambimed.ru/product/programmnyy-kompleks-optimalnoe-pitanie-5-0/ [In Russian].

13. Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population NRU «Higher School of Economics». Available at: https://www. hse.ru/rlms/ [In Russian].

14. Balanova Yu.A. Kontsevaya A.V., Shal'nova S.A., Deev A.D., Artamonova G.V., Gatagonova T.M., Duplyakov D.V., Efanov A.Yu., Zhernakova Yu.V., Il'in V.A., … Serebriakova V.N. Prevalence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the Russian population: results of the ESSE-RF epidemiological study. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2014;17(5):42–52. [In Russian].

15. WHO Fact Sheet N 317 January 2015. Fact sheet – Physical Activity: Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Available at: https://who-sandbox.squiz.cloud/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/288042/WHO-Fact-Sheet-PA-2015-RU.pdf [In Russian].

16. Smetneva N.S., Pogozheva A.V., Vasil’ev Yu.L., Dydykin S.S., Dydykina I.S., Kovalenko A.A. The role of optimal nutrition in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Voprosy pitaniya = Problems of Nutrition. 2020;89(3):114–124. [In Russian]. doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10035