Comparative analysis of the height of the maxillary sinuses, the thickness of their upper wall and bone plate in the first period of adulthood and old age using 3D digital technologies

Aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the height of the maxillary sinuses, the thickness of their upper wall and bone plate in the first period of adulthood and old age using 3D digital technologies. Material and methods. The work is based on the results of a 3D study of the facial part of the skull of 92 people with a normal maxillary sinus structure who were treated at a dental clinic in Perm. All patients were mesocrans, right-handed. The subjects were divided by gender and age into two groups. The first group consisted of 21 women and 27 men of the first period of adulthood (from 22 to 35 years old), the second group was represented by 23 men and 21 women of senile age (from 75 to 86 years old). The 3D study consisted in measuring the height of the maxillary sinuses and determining the thickness of their upper wall and bone plate. The height of the sinus was considered to be its largest vertical size on the frontal section. The thickness of the upper sinus wall was determined as the widest part of the orbital surface of the maxillary bone at its most prominent point. The thickness of the bone graft was calculated as the distance from the periosteum of the roots of six teeth (from the canine to the third molar) to the deepest point of the bottom of the maxillary sinus in the projection of these teeth. Results. There is a decrease in sinus height in old age compared to the first period of adulthood (p < 0.01). The dynamics of the maxillary sinuses size indicators is manifested in thinning of the upper wall and bone lamina by old age (p < 0.01). Both in the first period of adulthood and in old age there is a tendency to anatomical asymmetry of maxillary sinuses with predominance of parameters on the right side (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The data of a lifetime comparative analysis of the linear dimensions of the right and left sinuses in patients of the first adult and infantile ages, allow us to form an idea about the 

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