ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ФУНКЦИИ ЭНДОТЕЛИЯ РОГОВИЦЫ ГЛАЗА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

В обзоре рассматриваются молекулярно-клеточные механизмы нарушения функции эндотелия роговицы глаза человека, вызывающие ухудшение зрения. Помутнение роговицы является одной из наиболее распространенных причин потери зрения. Прозрачность роговицы определяется степенью гидратации стромы, структуры коллагеновых фибрилл и межфибриллярного пространства. Эндотелий осуществляет осморегуляцию матрикса роговицы, что необходимо для поддержания ее прозрачности. В обзоре рассматриваются перспективы методов коррекции функционирования эндотелия роговицы. У человека цикл клеток эндотелия роговицы остановлен в фазе G1 пролиферативного клеточного цикла, что приводит к отсутствию митотической активности клеток. Современные исследования указывают как на возможное существование стволовых клеток, способных дифференцироваться в клетки эндотелия, так и на возможность пролиферации клеток эндотелия в особых условиях. Рассмотрены новые способы и усовершенствованные методы хранения и консервации ткани трансплантатов роговицы, паллиативные способы оперативного лечения, направленные на уменьшение гидратации поверхностных слоев роговицы. В обзоре присутствует раздел, посвященный работам по тканевой инженерии с целью создания трансплантатов эндотелия на основе культуральных технологий, разрабатываемых для получения достаточного количества трансплантационного материала и снижения зависимости от трансплантатов, получаемых от доноров посмертно.

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