sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20220404sibmed-838Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭкспериментальные модели сколиоза на животных для понимания этиологии идиопатического сколиозаExperimental animal models of scoliosis for understanding the etiology of idiopathic scoliosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-6982СтроковаЕ. Л.StrokovaE. L.

Елена Леонидовна Строкова, к.б.н.

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17

Elena L. Strokova, candidate of biological sciences

630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 17

EZavyalova@niito.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-4096ПахомоваН. Ю.PakhomovaN. Yu.

Наталья Юрьевна Пахомова, к.м.н.

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17

Natalya Yu. Pakhomova, candidate of medical sciences

630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 17

NPahomova@niito.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-0089ГусевА. Ф.GusevA. F.

Аркадий Федорович Гусев, к.м.н.

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17

Arkady F. Gusev, candidate of medical sciences

630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 17

agusev@niito.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-1615ЗайдманА. М.ZaydmanA. M.

Алла Михайловна Зайдман, д.м.н., проф.

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17

Alla M. Zaydman, doctor of medical sciences, professor

630091, Novosibirsk, Frunze str., 17

zaydmanam@gmail.comНовосибирский НИИ травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна Минздрава РоссииРоссияNovosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. Ya.L. TsivyanRussian Federation2022270820224244961Copyright © Строкова Е.Л., Пахомова Н.Ю., Гусев А.Ф., Зайдман А.М., 20222022Строкова Е.Л., Пахомова Н.Ю., Гусев А.Ф., Зайдман А.М.Strokova E.L., Pakhomova N.Y., Gusev A.F., Zaydman A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/838

Идиопатический сколиоз – распространенное заболевание опорно-двигательного аппарата, поражающее 2–3 % детей и подростков во всем мире. Этиология и патогенез сколиотической деформации позвоночника до сих пор не раскрыты, несмотря на многочисленные многолетние исследования. Моделирование сколиоза на животных может стать основой, позволяющей изучить возможные этиологические факторы и патогенетические механизмы формирования рассматриваемой патологии и перспективы возможного лечения сколиоза в будущем. На сегодняшний день создано и изучено множество разных типов моделей сколиотической болезни. Целью настоящего обзора явился анализ литературных данных моделирования сколиоза на животных для понимания этиологического фактора идиопатического сколиоза у человека. Материал и методы. Обзор выполнен с использованием баз данных электронных информационных ресурсов PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, eLibrary.ru. Анализ проведен по следующим поисковым словам: «идиопатический сколиоз», «экспериментальная модель сколиоза», «модель сколиоза на животных», «механические модели сколиоза», «модели резекции пинеальной железы», «генетические модели сколиоза». Результаты. Анализ данных научной литературы подтверждает высокую значимость экспериментальных моделей сколиоза на животных для изучения этиологии идиопатического сколиоза. В обзоре обобщены и проанализированы сведения об основных направлениях моделирования сколиотической деформации: механические, нейроэндокринные и генетические модели. Заключение. Модели сколиоза, представленные в литературе, осуществлены с разной степенью успешности и не смогли прояснить вопроса этиологии патологии позвоночника, однако они являются полезным средством для тестирования вмешательств, направленных на исправление и предотвращение деформации. Разработка оптимальной экспериментальной модели сколиоза на животных в дальнейшем позволит преодолеть имеющиеся ограничения в определении этиологического фактора идиопатического сколиоза и описать процессы развития болезни, характерные для человека.

Idiopathic scoliosis is a common disease of the musculoskeletal system, affecting 2–3% of children and adolescents worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of scoliotic spinal deformity have not yet been disclosed, despite numerous long-term studies. Animal modeling of scoliosis can become the basis for studying possible etiological factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of the pathology in question and the prospects for possible treatment of scoliosis in the future. To date, many different types of models of scoliotic disease have been created and studied. The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature data on animal modeling of scoliosis in order to understand the etiological factor of idiopathic scoliosis in humans. Material and methods. The review was carried out using databases of electronic information resources PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, eLibrary.ru. The analysis of scientific literature was carried out according to the search words: “idiopathic scoliosis”, “experimental model of scoliosis”, “animal model of scoliosis”, “mechanical models of scoliosis”, “pineal gland resection models”, “genetic models of scoliosis”. Results. The analysis of scientific literature data confirms the high importance of experimental animal models of scoliosis for the study of the etiology of idiopathic scoliosis. The review summarizes and analyzes data on the main directions of modeling scoliotic deformity: mechanical, neuroendocrine and genetic models. Conclusions. The models of scoliosis presented in the literature have been implemented with varying degrees of success and have not been able to clarify the etiology of spinal pathology, but they are a useful tool for testing interventions aimed at correcting and preventing deformity. The development of an optimal experimental model of scoliosis in animals will further overcome the existing limitations in determining the etiological factor of idiopathic scoliosis and describe the processes of disease development characteristic of humans.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.