sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.15372/SSMJ20200604sibmed-517Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSДофаминергическая система и ее взаимосвязь с гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидной системами (обзор литературы)Dopaminergic system and its relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid systems (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-9427МолодовскаяИ. Н.MolodovskayaI. N.

Ирина Николаевна Молодовская, кандидат биологических наук

163000, Архангельск, наб. Северной Двины, 23

Irina N. Molodovskaya - candidate of biological sciences.

163000, Архангельск, наб. Северной Двины, 23

pushistiy-86@mail.ruФИЦ комплексного изучения Арктики имени академика Н.П. Лаверова, УрО РАНРоссияN. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of UrO RASRussian Federation2020261220204063443Copyright © Молодовская И.Н., 20202020Молодовская И.Н.Molodovskaya I.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/517

Выполнен обзор данных литературы об активности центральной и периферической дофаминергической системы, а также ее взаимосвязи с гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидной системами. Уровень дофамина у людей варьирует в зависимости от территории их проживания, при этом данные о его возрастной динамике противоречат друг другу, что не позволяет сделать однозначный вывод о снижении или повышении содержания нейротрансмиттера в плазме крови с возрастом. Большинство исследований сосредоточено на функциях дофамина в центральной нервной системе. Симптомы некоторых заболеваний головного мозга, включая шизофрению, болезнь Паркинсона, синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, депрессию, смягчаются фармакологической модуляцией его передачи. Вместе с тем существуют доказательства функциональной роли периферического дофамина. В то время как дофамин центральной дофаминергической системы ингибирует секрецию тиротропина, на периферии синтезируемый симпатоадреналовыми нервными клетками, гепариноцитами и парафолликулярными клетками щитовидной железы нейротрансмиттер стимулирует образование и выброс йодтиронинов. Нейропротекторные эффекты половых стероидов определяют распространенность исследований их роли в сохранении и поддержании активности дофаминергической системы, которая, в свою очередь, влияет на уровень половых гормонов, усиливая активность ароматазы, ингибируя синтез или секрецию пролактина, регулируя содержание гонадотропинов и стероидогенез в клетках Лейдига. Периферические и центральные дофаминовые системы чувствительны к воздействию окружающей среды, что указывает на взаимосвязь периферического и центрального звеньев.

This article reviews literature data on the activity of the central and peripheral dopaminergic systems, as well as its relationship with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid systems. Studies have shown that dopamine levels vary depending on the territory of residence, while the data on the age dynamics of the plasma dopamine level contradict each other, which does not allow an unambiguous conclusion about a decrease or increase in its level with age. Most studies focus on the functions of dopamine in the central nervous system. Symptoms of several brain diseases, including schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders and depression, are alleviated by the pharmacological modulation of dopamine transmission. However, there is evidence of a functional role of peripheral dopamine. While dopamine of the central dopaminergic system inhibits the secretion of thyrotropin, dopamine synthesized by sympathoadrenal nerve cells, heparinocytes, and thyroid parafollicular cells on the periphery stimulates the formation and release of iodothyronines. The neuroprotective effects of sex steroids determine the prevalence of studies of their role in preservation and maintaining the activity of the dopaminergic system. The dopaminergic system also affects the levels of sex hormones, enhancing aromatase activity, inhibiting the synthesis or secretion of prolactin, regulating the levels of gonadotropins and steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. The peripheral and central dopamine systems are sensitive to environmental influences, which indicate the relationship between the peripheral and central links.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.