sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.15372/SSMJ20180403sibmed-44Research ArticleМЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИBIOMEDICINEНАПРАВЛЕННОЕ ПЕРЕПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ КЛЕТОК: ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВА И НЕДОСТАТКИ ИНДУЦИРОВАННЫХ ПЛЮРИПОТЕНТНЫХ СТВОЛОВЫХ КЛЕТОК (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)DIRECTED RE-PROGRAMMING OF SOMATIC CELLS: ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (REVIEW)КорельА. В.KorelA. V.akorel@niito.ruКузнецовС. Б.KuznetsovS. B.sergei_kuznetsov@yahoo.comНовосибирский НИИ травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна Минздрава РоссииРоссияNovosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics n.a. Ya.L. Tsivyan of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian Federation2018200220193842129Copyright © Корель А.В., Кузнецов С.Б., 20192019Корель А.В., Кузнецов С.Б.Korel A.V., Kuznetsov S.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/44

Стволовые клетки разделяют на эмбриональные и стволовые клетки взрослого организма. Актуальность использования стволовых клеток в клинической практике в последние годы получает новые подтверждения, однако способы получения эмбриональных стволовых клеток для медицинских целей вызывают этическое неприятие. Альтернативой стволовым клеткам служат индуцированные плюрипотентные клетки, мультипотенциальные и сравнимые по свойствам с эмбриональными стволовыми клетками, но с дополнительными преимуществами: их получение позволяет исключить многие этические проблемы, связанные с использованием эмбрионального материала, их применение снижает риск иммунного отторжения. Возможность перепрограммирования соматических клеток в плюрипотентные стволовые клетки открывает огромные перспективы для регенеративной медицины. Применение метода направленного перепрограммирования позволяет получать из индуцированных стволовых клеток пациента практически любые типы клеток для аутологичной клеточной терапии. Индуцированные плюрипотентные стволовые клетки также могут использоваться для моделирования заболеваний человека и скрининга лекарственных средств. Тем не менее существует еще ряд препятствий, которые необходимо преодолеть, прежде чем использование индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток войдет в повседневную практику. В настоящем обзоре рассматриваются история создания индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток и последние достижения в области перепрограммирования соматических клеток, а также проблемы, которые необходимо преодолеть, чтобы применять эту стратегию в клинической практике.

Stem cells are divided into embryonic and adult stem cells. The relevance of the use of stem cells in clinical practice has received new evidence in recent years however, the methods of obtaining stem cells for medical purposes cause ethical rejection. An alternative to the stem cells is the induced pluripotent cells. These cells are multipotential and comparable with features of embryonic stem cells but with additional advantages: their preparation allows to avoid many ethical problems associated with the use of embryonic material, their use reduces the risk of immune rejection. The possibility of somatic cells reprogramming into pluripotent stem cells opens the great prospects for regenerative medicine. An applying of directional reprogramming method makes possible to obtain practically any cell type from induced stem cells of the patient to use in autologous cell therapy. Induced pluripotent stem cells can also be used to model the human diseases and for screening of medicines. However, there are still a number of obstacles that need to be overcome before the use of induced pluripotent stem cells will be involved to routine clinical practice. This review examines the history of the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells and recent advances in the reprogramming of somatic cells, as well as the challenges that need to be overcome in order to apply this strategy in clinical practice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.