sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20260301sibmed-2968Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЭритроцитарный транспорт газов и биологически активных соединений: роль оксида азота в его регуляцииErythrocyte transport of gases and biologically active compounds: the role of nitric oxide in its regulationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-8938ЛысенковС. П.LysenkovS. P.

Лысенков Сергей Петрович, д.м.н., проф.

385000, г. Майкоп, ул. Первомайская, 191

 

Sergey P. Lysenkov, doctor of medical sciences, professor

385000, Maikop, Pervomaiskaya st., 191

sergeyprofff@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-0634МуженяД. В.MuzhenyaD. V.

Муженя Дмитрий Витальевич, к.б.н.

385000, г. Майкоп, ул. Первомайская, 208

Dmitriy V. Muzhenya, candidate of biological sciences

385000, Maikop, Pervomaiskaya, st., 208

dmuzhenya@mail.ruМайкопский государственный технологический университетРоссияMaikop State Technological UniversityRussian FederationАдыгейский государственный университетРоссияAdyghe State UniversityRussian Federation202621072026463420Copyright © Лысенков С.П., Муженя Д.В., 20262026Лысенков С.П., Муженя Д.В.Lysenkov S.P., Muzhenya D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2968

Анализ многочисленных публикаций позволил систематизировать имеющиеся данные о транспорте различных соединений в микроциркуляторном русле, включая механизмы их доставки и высвобождения. Ключевую роль в регуляции морфофункциональных изменений эритроцитов и их транспортных свойств играют газотрансмиттер монооксид азотa (NO) и его производные. Под действием NO происходит цикличная цепь реакций, включающая изменение межмолекулярных взаимодействий, нитрозирование и нитрозилирование рецепторов, изменение Z-потенциала мембраны, рост сдвигового напряжения. Эти процессы способствуют «сбросу» соединений, особенно адсорбированных на мембране. Рассмотрены различные варианты межмолекулярных взаимодействий между структурами эритроцитов и транспортируемыми соединениями, включая пептиды, полипептиды, гидрофобные и гидрофильные вещества. Особое внимание уделено роли NO в регуляции связывания и высвобождения кислорода гемоглобином, а также альтернативному пути газообмена через аквапорины. Приведены данные о синтезе, транспорте и накоплении NO в эритроцитах, а также о его влиянии на регуляцию кровотока в форме NO и S-NO под действием эндогенных NO-синтаз. Важную роль в этом процессе играет белок кавеолин-1. Отмечено значение пероксинитрита как потенциального физиологического регулятора активности белков и других соединений. Подчеркивается вклад микровезикул и экзосом в транспорт веществ, а также роль ацетилхолина в регуляции проницаемости для NO. В целом, изучение механизмов транспорта эритроцитами открывает перспективы для их использования в целенаправленной доставке биологически активных веществ и лекарственных средств, а также в диагностике различных заболеваний.

The analysis of numerous publications made it possible to systematize the available data on the transport of various compounds in the microcirculatory system, including the mechanisms of their delivery and release. The gas transmitter nitrogen monoxide (NO) and its derivatives play a key role in the regulation of morphological and functional changes in red blood cells and their transport properties. Under the action of NO, a cyclic chain of reactions occurs, including changes in intermolecular interactions, nitrosation and nitrosylation of receptors, changes in the Z-potential of the membrane, and an increase in shear stress. These processes contribute to the «discharge» of compounds, especially those adsorbed on the membrane. Various variants of intermolecular interactions between erythrocyte structures and transported compounds, including peptides, polypeptides, hydrophobic and hydrophylic substances, are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of NO in the regulation of oxygen binding and release by hemoglobin, as well as an alternative gas exchange pathway through aquaporins. Data on the synthesis, transport, and accumulation of NO in erythrocytes, as well as its effect on the regulation of blood flow in the form of NO and S-NO under the action of endogenous NO synthases, are presented. The protein caveolin-1 plays an important role in this process. The importance of peroxynitrite as a potential physiological regulator of the activity of proteins and other compounds is noted. The contribution of microvesicles and exosomes to the transport of substances is emphasized, as well as the role of acetylcholine in the regulation of permeability to NO. Thus, the study of the mechanisms of transport by erythrocytes opens up prospects for their use in the targeted delivery of biologically active substances and medicines, as well as in the diagnosis of various diseases.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.