sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20260215sibmed-2833Research ArticleПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА (закрыт с 20.03.26)PREVENTIVE MEDICINEОценка уровня физического развития, состояния сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной систем студентов 2-го и 3-го курсов Мордовского государственного университета им. Н.П. ОгареваAssessment of the level of physical development, the state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of 2nd and 3rd year students of the Ogarev Mordovia State University of the Republic of Mordoviahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-4968СемелеваЕ. В.SemelevaE. V.

Семелева Елена Владимировна, д.м.н.

430005, г. Саранск, ул. Большевистская, 68

Elena V. Semeleva, doctor of medical sciences

430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68

semelevaev@mrsu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-9418ЛяпинаС. А.LyapinaS. A.

Ляпина Светлана Анатольевна, к.б.н.

430005, г. Саранск, ул. Большевистская, 68

Svetlana A. Lyapina, candidate of biological sciences

430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68

Lyapina13sveta@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7473-7016АбеловаА. П.AbelovaA. P.

Абелова Анна Петровна

430005, г. Саранск, ул. Большевистская, 68

Anna P. Abelova

430005, Saransk, Bolshevistskaya st., 68

abelova.ann@yandex.ruМордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. ОгареваРоссияOgarev Mordovia State UniversityRussian Federation202605052026462138147Copyright © Семелева Е.В., Ляпина С.А., Абелова А.П., 20262026Семелева Е.В., Ляпина С.А., Абелова А.П.Semeleva E.V., Lyapina S.A., Abelova A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2833

Одним из приоритетных направлений деятельности государства является сохранение жизни подрастающего поколения. Но на сегодняшний день состояние здоровья студентов вызывает опасения. Все чаще выявляются лица с ослабленным здоровьем, с хроническими заболеваниями, а также с ограниченными функциональными возможностями организма. Цель настоящего исследования – изучение показателей здоровья студентов 2-го и 3-го курсов медицинского института Мордовского государственного университета им. Н.П. Огарева, формулирование выводов об их состоянии. Материал и методы. Обследованы 129 студентов в возрасте 19–20 лет – 56 девушек и 73 юношей. Опрошенные поделены на три группы: К1 (контрольная, лица с дефицитом массы тела, без вредных привычек), О1 (основная, студенты без дефицита массы тела и без вредных привычек), Э1 (респонденты с вредными привычками, без истощения). Учитывались основные показатели физического развития: рост, масса тела, окружность грудной клетки, идеальная масса тела, окружность талии и бедер, тип распределения жировой ткани, сила мышц сгибателей кистей и силовой индекс мышц ведущей кисти. Состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы оценивали путем определения частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), систолического (САД) и диастолического артериального давления (ДАД) методом Короткова, минутного объема крови (МОК), рассчитано пульсовое артериальное давление (ПД), коэффициент выносливости (КВ), показатель двойного произведения (ПДП), а для исследования дыхательной системы учитывались жизненная емкость легких (ЖЕЛ), форсированная ЖЕЛ (ФЖЕЛ), объем форсированного выдоха за 1 с (ОФВ1), минутный объем дыхания (МОД), индекс Тиффно. Результаты и их обсуждение. В группе О1 87,5 % студентов характеризуются средним физическим развитием, у 12,5 % студентов физическое развитие выше среднего. У 100 % студентов группы К1 – дисгармоничное физическое развитие, в группе Э1 у 95 % студентов физическое развитие непропорциональное и дисгармоничное за счет избытка массы тела, у 5 % – физическое развитие среднее. У тех студентов, кто злоупотреблял никотином или имел недостаточную массу тела, наблюдались статистически значимые различия значений ЖЕЛ, ФЖЕЛ, ОФВ1, МОД, индекса Тиффно, ЧСС, САД, ДАД, ПД, МОК, КВ и ПДП. Заключение. Курение и дефицит массы тела снижают функциональные возможности сердечно-сосудистой и дыхательной систем. Необходим тщательный контроль специалистов за показателями, составляющими основу здоровья студентов.

One of the priorities of the state’s activities is to preserve the lives of the younger generation. But today, the state of students’ health is causing concern. Increasingly, people with impaired health, chronic diseases, and limited body functions are being identified. The aim of the study was to investigate the health indicators of 2nd and 3rd year students of the Ogarev Mordovia State University Medical Institute, and to formulate conclusions about their condition. Material and methods. 129 students aged 19–20 years – 56 girls and 73 boys – were studied. The respondents were divided into 3 groups: K1 (people with body weight deficiency, without bad habits), O1 (a control group, students without body weight deficiency and without bad habits) and E1 (respondents with bad habits, without exhaustion). The main indicators of physical development were considered: height, body weight, chest circumference, ideal body weight, waist and hip circumference, type of adipose tissue distribution, strength of the flexor muscles of the hands and the strength index of the muscles of the leading hand. The state of the cardiovascular system was assessed by determining heart rate, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measured by the Korotkov method, minute blood volume (MBV), pulse blood pressure (PP), endurance coefficient (EC), the double product index (DPI) were calculated, and for the respiratory system, vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), minute ventilation (MV), Tiffno index were taken into account. Results and discussion. In the O1 group, 87.5 % of students are characterized by average physical development, 12.5 % of students have above average physical development. 100 % of the K1 group students have disharmonious physical development. In the E1 group, 95 % of students have disproportionate and disharmonious physical development due to excess body weight, while 5 % have average physical development. In those students who abused nicotine or were underweight, there were statistically significant differences in the indicators of VC, FVC, FEV1, MV, Tiffno index, heart rate, SBP, DBP, PP, FVC, EC, DPI. Conclusions. Smoking and body weight deficiency reduce the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Specialists need to carefully monitor the indicators that form the basis of students’ health.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.