sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20260103sibmed-2712Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSфМРТ-ЭЭГ-нейробиоуправление в реабилитации инсульта: теория и практика (обзор)fMRI-EEG-neurofeedback in stroke rehabilitation: theory and practice (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-2947ХрущеваН. А.KhrushchevaN. A.

Хрущева Надежда Алексеевна - к.м.н.

630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2; 630091, Новосибирск, Красный пр., 52

Nadezhda A. Khrushcheva - candidate of medical sciences.

630060, Novosibirsk, Timakova st., 2; 630091, Novosibirsk, Krasny ave., 52

khrunks@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9455-0701НовиковД. А.NovikovD. A.

Новиков Денис Андреевич

630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2

Denis A. Novikov

630060, Novosibirsk, Timakova st., 2

loreinds32@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-4454КалгинК. В.KalginK. V.

Калгин Константин Викторович - к.ф.-м.н.

630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

Konstantin V. Kalgin - candidate of physical and mathematical sciences.

630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 2

kalginkv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9799-8412КлебанскийД. В.KlebanskyD. V.

Клебанский Денис Витальевич

630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2; 630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

Denis V. Klebansky

630060, Novosibirsk, Timakova st., 2; 630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 2

ritmandme@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1277-4113ТулуповА. А.TulupovA. A.

Тулупов Андрей Александрович - д.м.н., проф., чл.-корр. РАН.

630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2; 630090 Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, 3а

Andrey A. Tulupov = doctor of medical sciences, professor, corresponding member of RAS.

630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 2; 630090, Novosibirsk, Institutskaya st, 3a

taa@tomo.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-4709ШтаркМ. Б.ShtarkM. B.

Штарк Марк Борисович - д.б.н., проф., акад. РАН.

630060, Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2

Mark B. Shtark - doctor of biological sciences, professor, academician of RAS.

630060, Novosibirsk, Timakova st., 2

mark_shtark@mail.ruФИЦ фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины; Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine; Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian FederationФИЦ фундаментальной и трансляционной медициныРоссияFederal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational MedicineRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationФИЦ фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины; Новосибирский государственный университетРоссияFederal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный университет; Институт «Международный томографический центр» СО РАНРоссияNovosibirsk State University; International Tomography Center of SB RASRussian Federation2026190320264613049Copyright © Хрущева Н.А., Новиков Д.А., Калгин К.В., Клебанский Д.В., Тулупов А.А., Штарк М.Б., 20262026Хрущева Н.А., Новиков Д.А., Калгин К.В., Клебанский Д.В., Тулупов А.А., Штарк М.Б.Khrushcheva N.A., Novikov D.A., Kalgin K.V., Klebansky D.V., Tulupov A.A., Shtark M.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2712

Нейробиоуправление (НБУ) – технология неинвазивной нейромодуляции, достигаемой посредством обучения испытуемого навыку саморегуляции определенных параметров активности собственного мозга в контуре обратной связи. Считается, что такие ментальные тренировки приводят к изменениям функциональной архитектуры глобальных церебральных сетей, задействуя механизмы нейропластичности, а потому могут найти широкое применение в реабилитации инсульта. ЭЭГ-НБУ имеет давнюю историю и в качестве регулируемого параметра использует частотные диапазоны ЭЭГ-ритмов, связанные с известными поведенческими функциями. Развитие технологии МРТ сделало возможным получать топографически точные функциональные изображения мозга (фМРТ) в режиме реального времени с перспективой создания платформ фМРТ-НБУ. Онлайн-объединение сигналов двух модальностей (ЭЭГ и фМРТ) в контуре обратной связи для целей обучения саморегуляции (фМРТ-ЭЭГ-НБУ) привлекает своим терапевтическим и исследовательским потенциалом, обещающим более детальное понимание пространственно-временных динамик в мозге после инсульта, которое невозможно получить с помощью каждой модальности в отдельности. Однако такой мультимодальный подход к функциональной нейровизуализации требует нетривиальных аппаратных и вычислительных решений. Целью обзора было в историко-технологическом аспекте проследить вектор развития технологии НБУ применительно к реабилитации инсульта. Для этого мы обобщили теоретические и практические предпосылки объединения сигналов фМРТ и ЭЭГ в контуре обратной связи и представили данные об эффективности НБУ как научно обоснованного метода восстановления после инсульта.

Neurofeedback (NF) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technology achieved by teaching the subject the skill of selfregulation of certain parameters of their own brain activity in a feedback loop. It is believed that such mental training leads to changes in the functional architecture of global cerebral networks, involving neuroplasticity mechanisms, and therefore may have potential in stroke rehabilitation. EEG-NF has a long history and traditionally uses frequency bands of EEG rhythms associated with known behavioral functions as an adjustable parameter. The development of MRI technology has made it possible to obtain topographically accurate functional images of the brain (fMRI) in real time with the prospect of creating fMRI-NF-platforms. Online fusion of signals from two modalities (EEG and fMRI) in a feedback loop for self-regulation training (fMRI-EEG-NF) is attractive due to its therapeutic and research potential, promising a more detailed understanding of spatio-temporal dynamics in the brain after stroke, which is impossible to obtain using each modality separately. However, such a multimodal functional neuroimaging requires non-trivial hardware and computational solutions. The objective of the review was to trace the vector of development of the NF technology in relation to stroke rehabilitation in the historical and technological aspect. For this purpose, the theoretical and practical prerequisites for fusion of fMRI and EEG signals in a feedback loop are summarized and data on the effectiveness of NF methods as a scientifically based method of recovery after stroke are presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.