sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20260102sibmed-2711Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЛекарственные препараты, применяемые в лечении болезни Альцгеймера: обзор современных клинических исследований и перспективных терапевтических мишенейDrugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a review of current clinical research and promising therapeutic targetshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7382-1470СорокинаК. Н.SorokinaK. N.

Сорокина Ксения Николаевна - д.б.н.

630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2

Kseniya N. Sorokina - doctor of biological sciences.

630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 2

k.sorokina@g.nsu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3750-2958ТолстиковаТ. Г.TolstikovaT. G.

Толстикова Татьяна Генриховна - д.б.н., проф.

630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2; 630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 9

Tatyana G. Tolstikova - doctor of biological sciences, professor.

630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 2; 630090, Novosibirsk, Academician Lavrentieva ave., 9

t.tolstikova@g.nsu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7978-5514УсовВ. Ю.UsovV. Yu.

Усов Владимир Юрьевич - д.м.н., проф.

630055, Новосибирск, ул. Речкуновская, 15

Vladimir Yu. Usov - doctor of medical sciences, professor.

630055, Novosibirsk, Rechkunovskaya st., 15

ussov1962@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1277-4113ТулуповА. А.TulupovA. A.

Тулупов Андрей Александрович - д.м.н., чл.-корр. РАН.

630090, Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, 2; 630090, Новосибирск, ул. Институтская, 3а

Andrey A. Tulupov - doctor of medical sciences corresponding member of RAS.

630090, Novosibirsk, Pirogova st., 2; 630090, Novosibirsk, Institutskaya st., 3a

taa@tomo.nsc.ruНовосибирский государственный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный университет; Новосибирский институт органической химии им. Н.Н. Ворожцова СО РАНРоссияNovosibirsk State University; N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of SB RASRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр им. академика Е.Н. Мешалкина Минздрава РоссииРоссияMeshalkin National Medical Research Center of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный университет; Институт «Международный томографический центр» СО РАНРоссияNovosibirsk State University; International Tomography Center of SB RASRussian Federation2026190320264612129Copyright © Сорокина К.Н., Толстикова Т.Г., Усов В.Ю., Тулупов А.А., 20262026Сорокина К.Н., Толстикова Т.Г., Усов В.Ю., Тулупов А.А.Sorokina K.N., Tolstikova T.G., Usov V.Y., Tulupov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2711

Лекарственные препараты, применяемые при болезни Альцгеймера, в настоящее время направлены преимущественно на устранение симптомов заболевания, более современные препараты на основе моноклональных антител пока имеют ограниченное применение. В данной работе проведен анализ лекарственных препаратов для лечения болезни Альцгеймера, включая обзор клинических исследований и препаратов, применяющихся в клинической практике.

Результаты и их обсуждение. Проанализированы основные подходы к терапии: препараты для базисной терапии (ингибиторы холинэстеразы, мемантин) и новые препараты на основе моноклональных антител (леканемаб, донанемаб), нацеленные на бета-амилоид, которые замедляют снижение когнитивных функций на ранних стадиях болезни, но при этом связаны с риском появления амилоид-связанных аномалий визуализации (ARIA). Также рассмотрены перспективные направления разработки препаратов: терапия, нацеленная на тау-белок, применение агонистов рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1 (семаглутид), модуляция нейровоспаления (интерлейкин-2) и генная терапия. Выявлено, что большинство клинических исследований (208 на I‒III фазе) сфокусированы на антиамилоидных препаратах и снижении накопления тау-белков в головном мозге.

Заключение. Разработка лекарственных препаратов смещается от симптоматической к патогенетической терапии. Несмотря на появление антиамилоидных антител, их применение ограничено рисками и высокой стоимостью. Перспективными направлениями терапии являются разработка биспецифических антител, комбинированной терапии, сочетающей несколько механизмов, а также генной терапией.

Medications used in Alzheimer’s disease are currently aimed primarily at eliminating the symptoms of the disease, while more modern drugs based on monoclonal antibodies are still of limited use. In this work, an analysis of drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease was carried out, including a review of clinical trials and drugs used in clinical practice.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. The main approaches to therapy are analyzed: drugs for basic therapy (cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine) and new drugs based on monoclonal antibodies (lecanemab, donanemab) aimed at beta-amyloid, which demonstrate the ability to slow cognitive decline in the early stages of the disease, but are associated with the risk of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Promising areas are also considered: tau protein-targeted therapy, the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (semaglutide), neuroinflammation modulation (interleukin-2), and gene therapy. It was revealed that the majority of clinical trials (208 in phase I‒III) are focused on anti-amyloid drugs and reducing the accumulation of tau proteins in the brain.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The development of drugs is shifting from symptomatic to pathogenetic therapy. Despite the appearance of anti-amyloid antibodies, their use is limited by risks and high cost. Promising areas of therapy are the development of bispecific antibodies, combination therapy connecting several mechanisms, as well as gene therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.