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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250622</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2600</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание модели искусственного интеллекта для расчета гестационного возраста и прогноза риска рождения маловесного плода на основе динамического анализа ультразвуковой фетометрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Creation of an artificial intelligence model for calculating gestational age and predicting the risk of birth of a small fetus based on dynamic analysis of ultrasound fetometry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5641-0269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иутинский</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iutinsky</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иутинский Эдуард Михайлович - к.м.н.</p><p>610027, Киров, ул. Карла Маркса, 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard M. Iutinsky - candidate of medical sciences.</p><p>610027, Kirov, Karla Marksa st., 112</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iutinskiy@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-0996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнов</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznov</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lev M. Zheleznov - doctor of medical sciences, professor.</p><p>610027, Kirov, Karla Marksa st., 112</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@kirovgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворянский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvoryansky</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дворянский Сергей Афанасьевич - д.м.н., проф.</p><p>610027, Киров, ул. Карла Маркса, 112</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Dvoryansky - doctor of medical sciences, professor.</p><p>610027, Kirov, Karla Marksa st., 112</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kf1@kirovgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кировский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>228</fpage><lpage>235</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иутинский Э.М., Железнов Л.М., Дворянский С.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иутинский Э.М., Железнов Л.М., Дворянский С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iutinsky E.M., Zheleznov L.M., Dvoryansky S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2600">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2600</self-uri><abstract><p>Низкая масса тела при рождении остается одной из ключевых причин перинатальной заболеваемости и смертности. Своевременное выявление нарушений внутриутробного роста требует инструментов, способных интегрировать многомерные ультразвуковые и клинические данные беременной.</p><p>Цель исследования – разработать и верифицировать модель машинного обучения, прогнозирующую риск рождения маловесного плода на основе фетометрических измерений и материнских факторов, а также оценить ее диагностическую ценность по сравнению с классическими методами.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование включило 5477 беременных (8396 УЗИ; 11–40 недель гестации). Контрольную группу составила 5161 женщина, родившая доношенных новорожденных с нормальной массой, группу случаев — 316 беременных с доношенными детьми массой менее 10-го процентиля для соответствующего срока беременности. Для каждого УЗИ собраны стандартные фетометрические показатели и 20 клинических/социальных переменных матери. После очистки данных выполнены стратифицированное разделение по беременным (80 % train / 20 % test), стандартизация количественных признаков и бинарное кодирование категорий. Сравнивались градиентный бустинг (XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM), трансформер-сеть и мультизадачная (регрессия + классификация) нейросеть. Гиперпараметры подбирались Optuna; качество оценивалось с использованием средней абсолютной ошибки (MAE), средней квадратичной ошибки прогнозирования (RMSE), площади под ROC-кривой (AUC), чувствительности (Se), специфичности (Sp).</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Регрессия (оценка гестационного срока): стэкинг трех бустингов дал MAE 0,29 нед. (≈ 2 сут), RMSE 0,40 нед., коэффициент детерминации (R²) 0,989. Мультизадачная сеть достигла MAE 0,32 нед. Классификация (маловесность / норма): мультизадачная модель показала AUC 0,96, Se 90 % и Sp 96 % при оптимальном пороге. Наибольший вклад в прогноз вносили окружность живота и длина бедра плода, а из материнских факторов — плацентарная недостаточность, гипертонические осложнения, курение и паритет. Исключение паритета снижало AUC на ≈ 0,02, подтверждая его добавочную информативность. Калибровка вероятностей после изотонической регрессии продемонстрировала близость к идеальной линии, что обеспечивает интерпретируемость риска для клинициста.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Создана и валидирована высокоточная система прогнозирования риска рождения маловесного плода, объединяющая ультразвуковую фетометрию и клинико-социальные данные. Точность (AUC 0,96) и высокая чувствительность делают модель перспективным скрининговым инструментом для акушерской практики. Внедрение алгоритма в виде автоматизированного отчета может повысить раннюю диагностику нарушений роста плода и оптимизировать маршрутизацию беременных группы риска. Дальнейшие шаги – внешняя валидация на многоцентровых данных и анализ клинико-экономической эффективности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Low birth weight remains one of the key causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Timely detection of intrauterine growth disorders requires tools capable of integrating multidimensional ultrasound and clinical data of a pregnant woman.</p><p>The purpose of the study was to develop and verify a machine learning model that predicts the risk of having an underweight fetus based on fetometric measurements and maternal factors, as well as to evaluate its diagnostic value compared to classical methods.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 5,477 pregnant women (8,396 ultrasounds; 11–40 weeks gestation). The control group consisted of 5,161 women who gave birth to full–term newborns with normal weight, the case group consisted of 316 pregnant women with full-term babies weighing less than 10th percentile for the corresponding period of pregnancy. For each ultrasound study, standard fetometric parameters and 20 clinical/social variables of the mother were collected. After data purification, a stratified division by pregnant women (80 % train / 20% test), standardization of quantitative characteristics, and binary coding of categories were performed. The following methods were compared: gradient boosting (XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM), transformer network and multitasking (regression + classification) neural network. Hyperparameters were selected by Optuna; the quality was evaluated using mean squared error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), area under curve (AUC), sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Regression (assessment of gestational age): stacking three boosts gave MAE 0.29 weeks (≈ 2 days), RMSE 0.40 weeks, R2 = 0.989. The multitasking network reached MAE 0.32 weeks. Classification (LBW / norm): The multitasking model showed an AUC of 0.96, Se of 90 %, and Sp of 96 % at the optimal threshold. The greatest contribution to the prognosis was made by the circumference of the abdomen and the length of the femur of the fetus, and maternal factors included placental insufficiency, hypertensive complications, smoking and parity. The elimination of parity reduced AUC by ≈ 0.02, confirming its additional informative value. Calibration of probabilities after isotonic regression demonstrated proximity to the ideal line, which ensures interpretability of risk for the clinician.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A highly accurate system for predicting the risk of having a small fetus has been created and validated, combining ultrasound fetometry and clinical and social data. The accuracy (AUC 0.96) and high sensitivity make the model a promising screening tool for obstetric practice. The implementation of the algorithm in the form of an automated report can improve the early diagnosis of fetal growth disorders and optimize the routing of pregnant women at risk. The next steps are external validation based on multicenter data and analysis of clinical and economic efficiency.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>низкая масса тела при рождении</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая фетометрия</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>градиентный бустинг</kwd><kwd>трансформер-нейросеть</kwd><kwd>прогноз риска беременности</kwd><kwd>задержка внутриутробного роста</kwd><kwd>материнские клинические факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low birth weight</kwd><kwd>ultrasound fetometry</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>gradient boosting</kwd><kwd>transformer neural network</kwd><kwd>pregnancy risk prediction</kwd><kwd>intrauterine growth retardation</kwd><kwd>maternal clinical factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawn J.E., Ohuma E.O., Bradley E., Idueta L.S., Hazel E., Okwaraji Y.B., Erchick D.J., Yargawa J., Katz J., Lee A.C.C., … Subnational Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Group. 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