<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250621</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интегральные критерии хронического метавоспаления у пациентов с гипергликемией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Integral criteria of chronic meta-inflammation in patients with hyperglycemia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-0954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлёва</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravleva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Журавлёва Юлия Александровна - к.б.н.</p><p>620078, Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Zhuravleva - candidate of biological sciences.</p><p>620078, Yekaterinburg, Pervomayskaya st, 106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jazhur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6939-0285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турянская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turyanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Турянская Юлия Владимировна - к.м.н.</p><p>620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Turyanskaya - candidate of medical sciences.</p><p>620028, Yekaterinburg, Repina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tiger2003r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7145-2376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гусев Евгений Юрьевич - д.м.н., проф.</p><p>620078, Екатеринбург, ул. Первомайская, 106</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy Yu. Gusev - doctor of medical sciences, professor.</p><p>620078, Yekaterinburg, Pervomayskaya st, 106</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gusev36@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт иммунологии и физиологии УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Immunology and Physiology of UrB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>220</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Журавлёва Ю.А., Турянская Ю.В., Гусев Е.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Журавлёва Ю.А., Турянская Ю.В., Гусев Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhuravleva Y.A., Turyanskaya Y.V., Gusev E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2599">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2599</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время не вызывает сомнений связь сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) с локальными и системными проявлениями метавоспаления, которое рассматривается как один из вариантов воспаления низкой интенсивности.</p><p>Цель исследования ‒ на основании сравнительного анализа уровней биомаркеров воспаления разработать и апробировать у пациентов с предиабетом и СД2 шкалу оценки хронического системного метавоспаления.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследовали две группы пациентов: предиабет (n = 26, уровень глюкозы натощак 6,1– 6,9 ммоль/л в сыворотке и/или постпрандиальная гликемия 7,8–11,0 ммоль/л, и содержание гликированного гемоглобина &lt; 6,5 %) и CД2 (n = 63). Контрольную группу составили доноры крови (n = 89). Для верификации метавоспаления использовали интегральный критерий, включающий содержание в плазме крови С-реактивного белка, цитокинов (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), кортизола, D-димеров.</p><p>Результаты и их обсуждение. Системное метавоспаление развилось у 57,7 % пациентов с предиабетом и у 74,6 % больных СД2, но не выявлялось в контрольной группе. При этом в 7,7 и 19 % случаев при предиабете и СД2 соответственно метавоспаление по интенсивности можно характеризовать как системное гипервоспаление, когда уровни отдельных провоспалительных цитокинов повышались в десятки раз относительно верхнего уровня нормы.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Системное метавоспаление развивается у большинства, но не у всех пациентов с предиабетом и СД2. При этом у части пациентов его интенсивность выходит за рамки воспаления низкой интенсивности и, скорее, характеризуется как системное гипервоспаление с характерным для него феноменом «цитокинового шторма».</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, there is no doubt that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with local and systemic manifestations of meta-inflammation, which is considered as one of the variants of low-grade inflammation.</p><p>Aim of the study was to develop and test a scale for assessing chronic systemic meta-inflammation in patients with prediabetes and T2DM based on a comparative analysis of inflammation biomarker levels.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. Two groups of patients were studied: prediabetes (n = 26, fasting serum glucose level of 6.1–6.9 mmol/L and/or postprandial glycemia 7.8–11.0 mmol/L, and glycated hemoglobin content &lt;6.5 %) and T2DM (n = 63). The control group consisted of blood donors (n = 89). To verify meta-inflammation, an integral criterion was used, including blood plasma content of C-reactive protein, cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), cortisol, D-dimers.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Systemic meta-inflammation developed in 57.7 % of patients with prediabetes and in 74.6 % patients with T2DM, but was not detected in the control group. At the same time, in 7.7 and 19 % cases with prediabetes and T2DM, respectively, meta-inflammation in intensity can be characterized as systemic hyperinflammation, when the levels of individual proinflammatory cytokines increased by ten folds relative to the upper normal limit.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Systemic meta-inflammation develops in most, but not all patients with prediabetes and T2DM. In some patients, however, its intensity goes beyond low-grade inflammation and is rather characterized as systemic hyperinflammation, with its characteristic “cytokine storm” phenomenon.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метавоспаление</kwd><kwd>гипергликемия</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>предиабет</kwd><kwd>низкоинтенсивное системное воспаление</kwd><kwd>С-реактивный белок</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>meta-inflammation</kwd><kwd>hyperglycemia</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>prediabetes</kwd><kwd>low-grade systemic inflammation</kwd><kwd>C-reactive protein</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН Институт иммунологии и физиологии УрО РАН (№ гос. регистрации 122020900136-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Government contract of the Institute of Immunology and Physiology (122020900136-4)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2023;402:203–234. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01301-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2021 Diabetes Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2023;402:203–234. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01301-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao V.N., Sharma A., Stebbins A., Buse J.B., Katona B.G., Pagidipati N.J., Holman R.R., Hernandez A., Mentz R.J., Lopes R.D. Regional variation in cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes: Insights from EXSCEL. Am. Heart J. 2024;271:123–135. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.02.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao V.N., Sharma A., Stebbins A., Buse J.B., Katona B.G., Pagidipati N.J., Holman R.R., Hernandez A., Mentz R.J., Lopes R.D. Regional variation in cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes: Insights from EXSCEL. Am. Heart J. 2024;271:123–135. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.02.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao X., Zhang J., Zhang X., Jiang T., Zhang Y., Dai F., Hu H., Zhang Q. Age at diagnosis, diabetes duration and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 2023;14:1131395. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao X., Zhang J., Zhang X., Jiang T., Zhang Y., Dai F., Hu H., Zhang Q. Age at diagnosis, diabetes duration and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 2023;14:1131395. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131395</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharif S., Van der Graaf Y., Cramer M.J., Kapelle L.J., de Borst G.J., Visseren F.L.J., Westerink J.; SMART study group. Low-grade inflammation as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2021;20(1):220. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01409-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharif S., Van der Graaf Y., Cramer M.J., Kapelle L.J., de Borst G.J., Visseren F.L.J., Westerink J.; SMART study group. Low-grade inflammation as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2021;20(1):220. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01409-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mouliou D.S. C-reactive protein: pathophysiology, diagnosis, false test results and a novel diagnostic algorithm for clinicians. Diseases. 2023;11(4):132. doi: 10.3390/diseases11040132</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mouliou D.S. C-reactive protein: pathophysiology, diagnosis, false test results and a novel diagnostic algorithm for clinicians. Diseases. 2023;11(4):132. doi: 10.3390/diseases11040132</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусев Е.Ю. С-реактивный белок: патогенетическое и диагностическое значение. Урал. мед. ж. 2014;(1):113–121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev Е.Yu. C-reactive protein: pathogenetic and diagnostic value. Ural’skiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Ural Medical Journal. 2014;(1):113–121. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusev E., Zhuravleva Y. Inflammation: a new look at an old problem. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022;23(9):4596. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094596</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev E., Zhuravleva Y. Inflammation: a new look at an old problem. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022;23(9):4596. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094596</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zotova N., Zhuravleva Y., Chereshnev V., Gusev E. Acute and chronic systemic inflammation: features and differences in the pathogenesis, and integral criteria for verification and differentiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(2):1144. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zotova N., Zhuravleva Y., Chereshnev V., Gusev E. Acute and chronic systemic inflammation: features and differences in the pathogenesis, and integral criteria for verification and differentiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(2):1144. doi: 10.3390/ijms24021144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cifuentes M., Verdejo H.E., Castro P.F., Corvalan A.H., Ferreccio C., Quest A.F.G., Kogan M.J., Lavandero S. Low-grade chronic inflammation: a shared mechanism for chronic diseases. Physiology (Bethesda). 2025;40(1):0. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cifuentes M., Verdejo H.E., Castro P.F., Corvalan A.H., Ferreccio C., Quest A.F.G., Kogan M.J., Lavandero S. Low-grade chronic inflammation: a shared mechanism for chronic diseases. Physiology (Bethesda). 2025;40(1):0. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusev E., Sarapultsev A. Exploring the pathophysiology of long COVID: the central role of low-grade inflammation and multisystem involvement. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024;25(12):6389. doi: 10.3390/ijms25126389</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusev E., Sarapultsev A. Exploring the pathophysiology of long COVID: the central role of low-grade inflammation and multisystem involvement. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024;25(12):6389. doi: 10.3390/ijms25126389</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сабадаш Е.В., Журавлева Ю.А., Скорняков С.Н., Гусев Е.Ю., Зотова Н.В., Ершова А.В., Яркиева А.А. Повышает ли новая коронавирусная инфекция риск развития хронического системного гипервоспаления и низкоинтенсивного системного воспаления у пациентов с туберкулезом легких? Рос. иммунол. ж. 2025;28(1):65–72. doi: 10.46235/10287221-16989-DNC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabadash E., Zhuravleva Y., Skornyakov S., Gusev E., Zotova N., Ershova A., Yarkieva A. Does novel coronavirus infection increase the risk of chronic systemic hyperinflammation and low-grade systemic inflammation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis? Rossiyskiy immunologicheskiy zhurnal = Russian Journal of Immunology. 2025;28(1):65–72. [In Russian]. doi:10.46235/1028-7221-16989-DNC</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakkar N.Z., Dwaib H.S., Fares S., Eid A.H., Al-Dhaheri Y., El-Yazbi A.F. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: a progressive consequence of chronic lowgrade inflammation in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(23):9005. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakkar N.Z., Dwaib H.S., Fares S., Eid A.H., Al-Dhaheri Y., El-Yazbi A.F. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: a progressive consequence of chronic lowgrade inflammation in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020;21(23):9005. doi: 10.3390/ijms21239005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicholas S.B. Novel anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents for diabetic Kidney diseasefrom bench to bedside. Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis. 2021;28(4):378–390. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.09.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicholas S.B. Novel anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agents for diabetic Kidney diseasefrom bench to bedside. Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis. 2021;28(4):378–390. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.09.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tenenbaum A., Fisman E.Z. Mirroring the CANTOS revolution: is anti-inflammatory therapy for diabetes just around the corner? Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2017;16(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s12933-017-0573-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tenenbaum A., Fisman E.Z. Mirroring the CANTOS revolution: is anti-inflammatory therapy for diabetes just around the corner? Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2017;16(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s12933-017-0573-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
