sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250610sibmed-2589Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSФакторы, влияющие на развитие кишечной микробиоты младенцевFactors influencing the development of intestinal microbiota of infantshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5642-3019СабанаевМ. А.SabanaevM. A.

Сабанаев Михаил Алексеевич

163069, Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51

Mikhail A. Sabanaev

163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51

mix.sabanaeff@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7890-2341БажуковаТ. А.BazhukovaT. A.

Бажукова Татьяна Александровна - д.м.н., проф.

163069, Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51

Tatyana A. Bazhukova - doctor of medical science, professor.

163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51

tbazhukova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-1485КукалевскаяН. Н.KukalevskayaN. N.

Кукалевская Наталья Николаевна

163069, Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51

Natalia N. Kukalevskaya

163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51

n.kukalevskaya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9870ДавидовичН. В.DavidovichN. V.

Давидович Наталия Валерьевна - к.м.н.

163069, Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51

Nataliya V. Davidovich - candidate of medical sciences.

163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51

nvdavidovich@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3822-796XМалыгинаО. Г.MalyginaO. G.

Малыгина Ольга Геннадьевна - к.м.н.

163069, Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51

Olga G. Malygina - candidate of medical sciences.

163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51

malyginaog@yandex.ruСеверный государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияNorthern State Medical University of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian Federation202529012026456108116Copyright © Сабанаев М.А., Бажукова Т.А., Кукалевская Н.Н., Давидович Н.В., Малыгина О.Г., 20262026Сабанаев М.А., Бажукова Т.А., Кукалевская Н.Н., Давидович Н.В., Малыгина О.Г.Sabanaev M.A., Bazhukova T.A., Kukalevskaya N.N., Davidovich N.V., Malygina O.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2589

Микробиота кишечника представляет собой сложное биоразнообразие микроорганизмов, включающее множество различных видов, которые колонизируют кишечный тракт человека. Развитие и становление микробиоты кишечника у младенцев подвержены изменениям на протяжении времени в результате воздействия множества факторов. Как считалось ранее, колонизация кишечника младенца микроорганизмами начинается непосредственно после рождения, однако растущий объем данных свидетельствует о том, что внутриутробная среда не стерильна, а передача микробиоты от матери к плоду происходит еще во время беременности. Множество пренатальных факторов способны модулировать состав и развитие кишечной микробиоты младенца, такие как особенности рациона питания матери, наличие у нее ожирения, табакокурение, а также применение антибактериальных препаратов в период гестации. Способ родоразрешения и вид вскармливания являются основополагающими факторами для последующего развития и становления микробиоты у младенца при рождении и послеродовом периоде соответственно. Цель данного обзора – на основе обобщения литературных данных выявить и проанализировать наиболее значимые модифицируемые факторы (питание матери, способ родоразрешения, тип вскармливания), определяющие становление кишечной микробиоты младенца. Такой обзор необходим для создания теоретической базы, которая в дальнейшем может быть использована врачами (неонатологами, педиатрами) для разработки практических мер по оптимизации и коррекции микробиоценоза, профилактики заболеваний, связанных с его нарушением (аллергия, ожирение, сахарный диабет, некрозирующий язвенный колит).

The gut microbiota is a complex biodiversity of microorganisms, including many different species, that colonize the human intestinal tract. The development and establishment of the gut microbiota in infants is subject to change over time as a result of multiple factors. As previously believed, the colonization of the infant’s intestine with microorganisms begins immediately after birth, however, a growing body of evidence suggests that the intrauterine environment is not sterile, and the transfer of microbiota from mother to fetus occurs during pregnancy. Many prenatal factors can modulate the composition and development of the infant’s intestinal microbiota, such as the characteristics of the mother’s diet, obesity, smoking, and the use of antibacterial drugs during gestation. The method of delivery and the type of feeding are fundamental factors for the subsequent development and establishment of the infant’s microbiota at birth and the postpartum period, respectively. The objective of this review is to identify and analyze the most significant modifiable factors (maternal nutrition, mode of delivery, feeding type) that determine the development of the infant’s intestinal microbiota based on a summary of literature data. This review is necessary to create a theoretical basis that can be used by physicians (neonatologists, pediatricians) to develop practical measures to optimize and correct the microbiocenosis, and prevent diseases in children associated with its disruption (allergy, obesity, diabetes mellitus, necrosing ulcerative colitis).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.