sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250608sibmed-2587Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРаневой микробиом: механизмы патогенности и межмикробные взаимодействия Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Staphylococcus aureusWound microbiome: mechanisms of pathogenicity and intermicrobial interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureushttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-3351ЛуценкоА. В.LutsenkoA. V.

Луценко Анна Викторовна - к.б.н.

414000, Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, 121; 414056, Астрахань, ул. Татищева, 16/1

Anna V. Lutsenko - candidate of biological sciences.

414000, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya st., 121; 414056, Astrakhan, Tatishcheva st., 16/1

ahrapova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-4455СамотруеваМ. А.SamotruevaM. A.

Самотруева Марина Александровна - д.м.н., проф.

414000, Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, 121

Marina A. Samotrueva - doctor of medical sciences, professor.

414000, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya st., 121

ms1506@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-6482ПоройскийС. В.PoroyskiyS. V.

Поройский Сергей Викторович - д.м.н.

414000, Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, 121

Sergey V. Poroyskiy - doctor of medical sciences.

414000, Astrakhan, Bakinskaya st., 121

poroyskiy@mail.ruАстраханский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России; Астраханский государственный технический университетРоссияAstrakhan State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia; Astrakhan State Technical UniversityRussian FederationАстраханский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияAstrakhan State Medical University of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian Federation2025290120264568496Copyright © Луценко А.В., Самотруева М.А., Поройский С.В., 20262026Луценко А.В., Самотруева М.А., Поройский С.В.Lutsenko A.V., Samotrueva M.A., Poroyskiy S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2587

Несмотря на обширный арсенал антибактериальных препаратов и разнообразие новых технологий лечения ран, с полным основанием можно утверждать, что проблема раневой инфекции не утратила своей актуальности. Как правило, у пациентов с сопутствующими заболеваниями (ожирение, диабет, сенсорные нейропатии, аутоиммунные заболевания и др.) заживление раневых дефектов пролонгируется, что делает их особенно уязвимыми к инфекциям. Раневая инфекция служит одним из решающих факторов патогенеза хронических ран, связанных с увеличением числа полирезистентных бактериальных штаммов. Двумя наиболее распространенными раневыми патогенами являются Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Staphylococcus aureus. Заживление ран опосредовано не только сложными скоординированными клеточными механизмами, но и воздействием раневого микробиома. Цель исследования – анализ механизмов патогенности и межмикробных взаимодействий P. aeruginosaи S. aureus в качестве значимого «инструмента» раневой инфекции для выявления приоритетных стратегий антимикробной терапии (комбинированные антибактериальные препараты, фаготерапия, использование антимикробных пептидов и др.). Материал и методы. Выполнен поиск и анализ научной литературы за 2018–2025 гг. в информационных ресурсах PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Europe PMC, Web of Science, КиберЛенинка. Поисковые запросы включали следующие сочетания слов: для русскоязычных публикаций – хроническая раневая инфекция; биопленки в хронических ранах, патофизиологические механизмы заживления ран; для англоязычных публикаций – chronic wound infection, biofilms in chronic wounds, pathophysiological mechanisms of wound healing, chronic wound infection bacteria, acute and chronic wounds, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, mechanisms of pathogenicity, virulent properties. Результаты и их обсуждение. В обзоре обобщены и представлены особенности инициации раневой инфекции, детерминанты вирулентности, патогенности, антибиотикорезистентности P. aeruginosa и S. aureus, стратегии иммунного уклонения и особенности межмикробных взаимодействий. Заключение. Раневые инфекции представляют собой значительную глобальную угрозу из­за высоких показателей заболеваемости и смертности. P. aeruginosa и S. аureus по­прежнему являются наиболее распространенными патогенами, вызывающими раневые инфекции и образующими смешанные биопленки, которые препятствуют их восприимчивости как к антимикробным препаратам, так и к иммунной системе хозяина. Оба типа бактерий секретируют обширный спектр факторов вирулентности, включая токсины и ферменты, способствующие их прикреплению к раневой поверхности, и подавляют иммунный ответ хозяина, что приводит к дальнейшему повреждению тканей. Более того, пространственная организация, образованная этими патогенами, может влиять на их вирулентные свойства и является ключом к пониманию бактериальных взаимодействий внутри полимикробной биопленки. В настоящее время для решения проблемы роста мультирезистентных штаммов используются комбинированные антибактериальные препараты, фаготерапия, антимикробные пептиды и др.

Despite the extensive arsenal of antibacterial drugs and the diversity of new wound treatment technologies, it is fair to say that the problem of wound infection has not lost its relevance. As a rule, in patients with concomitant diseases (obesity, diabetes, sensory neuropathies, autoimmune diseases, etc.), the healing of wound defects is prolonged, which makes them especially vulnerable to infections. Wound infection is one of the decisive factors in the pathogenesis of chronic wounds associated with an increase in the number of multiresistant bacterial strains. Two most common wound pathogens are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Wound healing is mediated not only by complex coordinated cellular mechanisms, but also by the impact of the wound microbiome. Objective. Analysis of the mechanisms of pathogenicity and intermicrobial interactions of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus as a significant “instrument” of wound infection to identify priority strategies for antimicrobial therapy (combination antibacterial drugs, phage therapy, use of antimicrobial peptides etc.). Material and methods. A search and analysis of scientific literature for 2018­2025 was performed in the information resources PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Europe PMC, Web of Science, CyberLeninka. The search queries included the following combinations of words: for Russian­language publications ­ chronic wound infection; biofilms in chronic wounds, pathophysiological mechanisms of wound healing; for English­language publications ­ chronic wound infection, biofilms in chronic wounds, pathophysiological mechanisms of wound healing, chronic wound infection bacteria, acute and chronic wounds, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, mechanisms of pathogenicity, virulent properties. Results and discussion. The review summarizes and presents the mechanisms of initiation of wound infection, determinants of virulence, pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, immune evasion strategies and features of intermicrobial interactions. Conclusions. Wound infections pose a significant global threat due to high rates of morbidity and mortality. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus remain the most common pathogens causing wound infections and form mixed biofilms that hamper their susceptibility to both antimicrobials and the host immune system. Both types of bacteria secrete a broad spectrum of virulence factors, including toxins and enzymes that facilitate their attachment to the wound surface and suppress the host immune response, leading to further tissue damage. Moreover, the spatial organization formed by these pathogens can influence their virulence properties and is key to understanding bacterial interactions within polymicrobial biofilms. Currently, combination antibacterial drugs, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, etc. are used to solve the problem of the growth of multidrug­resistant strains.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.