sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250601sibmed-2581Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВозможность реверсивного эндопротезирования плечевого сустава при костных дефектах гленоидаThe possibility of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in case of glenoid bone losshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-7772АйрапетовГ. А.AirapetovG. A.

Айрапетов Георгий Александрович - д.м.н.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6; 119415, Москва, ул. Лобачевского, 42, с. 1

117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6; 119415, Moscow, Lobachevsky st., 42

airapetovga@yandex.ruНайдановВ. Ф.NaidanovV. F.

Найданов Вадим Федорович

119415, Москва, ул. Лобачевского, 42, с. 1

119415, Moscow, Lobachevsky st., 42

vadimfn@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5770-7304СамковичД. А.SamkovichD. A.

Самкович Дмитрий Александрович

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6

dmitry.samkovitch@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-0848ДмитровИ. А.DmitrovI. A.

Дмитров Иван Александрович - к.м.н.

119415, Москва, ул. Лобачевского, 42, с. 1

119415, Moscow, Lobachevsky st., 42

dr.dmitrov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-9772ЗагороднийН. В.ZagorodniiN. V.

Загородний Николай Васильевич - проф., акад. РАН.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-9753ПризовА. П.PrizovA. P.

Призов Алексей Петрович - д.м.н.

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6

prizov_ap@pfur.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2667-6444СуюновР. А.SuyunovR. A.

Суюнов Ренат Акашаевич

357502, Пятигорск, ул. Пирогова, 22

357502, Pyatigorsk, Pirogova st., 22

renat.suyunov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-0975ДанильянцА. А.DaniliyantsA. A.

Данильянц Армен Альбертович

117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6

armendts@mail.ruРоссийский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы; Городская клиническая больница № 31 им. академика Г.М. Савельевой Департамента здравоохранения г. МосквыРоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba; Сity Clinical Hospital № 31 of the Moscow Health DepartmentRussian FederationГородская клиническая больница № 31 им. академика Г.М. Савельевой Департамента здравоохранения г. МосквыРоссияСity Clinical Hospital № 31 of the Moscow Health DepartmentRussian FederationРоссийский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса ЛумумбыРоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice LumumbaRussian FederationГородская клиническая больницаРоссияCity Clinical HospitalRussian Federation202529012026456617Copyright © Айрапетов Г.А., Найданов В.Ф., Самкович Д.А., Дмитров И.А., Загородний Н.В., Призов А.П., Суюнов Р.А., Данильянц А.А., 20262026Айрапетов Г.А., Найданов В.Ф., Самкович Д.А., Дмитров И.А., Загородний Н.В., Призов А.П., Суюнов Р.А., Данильянц А.А.Airapetov G.A., Naidanov V.F., Samkovich D.A., Dmitrov I.A., Zagorodnii N.V., Prizov A.P., Suyunov R.A., Daniliyants A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2581

В ходе предоперационного планирования эндопротезирования плечевого сустава хирург сталкивается с костными дефектами гленоида более чем в 39 % случаев. Игнорирование костного дефекта гленоида приводит к мальпозиции гленоидального компонента эндопротеза, возможному соударению эндопротеза с лопаткой, чрезмерной медиализации центра ротации, что в свою очередь способно уменьшить силу и рычаг дельтовидной мышцы. Точная диагностика, оценка и выбор оптимального метода замещения костных дефектов необходимы для правильного функционирования эндопротеза и длительности срока его службы. Цель работы – провести обзор данных литературы за последние 10 лет, посвященной реверсивному эндопротезированию плечевого сустава у пациентов с костными дефектами гленоида, рассмотреть методы диагностики, показания, преимущества и недостатки, а также осложнения при различных методах замещения костных дефектов гленоида. Материал и методы. Поиск публикаций за период с 2014 по 2024 г. осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect по запросу: («glenoid bone loss» или «glenoid bone deficiency») и «shoulder arthroplasty». Результаты и их обсуждение. Золотым стандартом и обязательным методом должно быть компьютерно-томографическое исследование, необходимое для трехплоскостной оценки дефекта гленоида и планирования позиционирования компонентов. В обзоре представлены различные классификации, однако универсальная классификация, которая не только описывает конфигурацию и степень дефекта, но и напрямую связана с тактикой лечения, на данный момент не разработана. Рассмотрены различные виды замещения дефектов. Показания, ограничения и недостатки каждого метода систематизированы в таблице. Заключение. На сегодняшний день в мировой литературе отсутствуют не только масштабные многолетние наблюдения и метаанализы по реверсивному эндопротезированию плечевого сустава при костных дефектах гленоида, но и сравнительные исследования разных видов лечения сопоставимых групп, что подчеркивает актуальность проведения новых исследований в данном направлении.

During the preoperative planning of shoulder arthroplasty, the surgeon encounters bone defects of the glenoid in more than 39 % of cases. Ignoring the bone defect of the glenoid leads to the malposition of the glenoidal component of the endoprosthesis, scapular notching, excessive medialization of the center of rotation, which in turn can reduce the strength and leverage of the deltoid muscle. Accurate diagnosis, assessment and selection of the optimal method of bone defect replacement are necessary for the proper functioning of the endoprosthesis and the duration of its service life. Aim of the study was to review the literature data over the past 10 years on reverse shoulder replacement in patients with glenoid bone defects, to consider diagnostic methods, indications, advantages and disadvantages, as well as complications with various methods of restoration of glenoid bone defects. Material and methods. The search for publications from 2014 to 2024 was carried out in databases PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect upon request: (“glenoid bone loss” OR “glenoid bone deficiency”) and “shoulder arthroplasty”. Results and discussion. The gold standard and mandatory method should be computed tomography examination, which is necessary for three-plane evaluation of the glenoid defect and component positioning planning. The review presents various classifications, however, an universal classification that not only describes the configuration and degree of the defect, but is also directly related to treatment tactics has not been developed at the moment. Various types of defect replacement are considered. The indications, limitations and disadvantages of each method are systematized in the table. Conclusions. Nowadays, the world literature lacks not only large-scale long-term observations and meta-analyses on reverse shoulder arthroplasty for glenoid bone defects, but also comparative studies of different types of treatment for comparable groups, which emphasizes the relevance of conducting new research in this area.

костные дефекты гленоидаэндопротезирование плечевого суставаклассификацииglenoid bone deficiencyshoulder arthroplastyclassificationsReferencesМайков С.В. Эволюция эндопротезирования плечевого сустава. Вестн. травматол. и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова. 2020;27(1):84–90. doi: 10.17816/vto202027184-90Maykov S.V. Evolution of shoulder arthroplasty. Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii imeni Nikolaya Nikolaevicha Priorova = N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2020;27(1):84–90. [In Russian]. doi: 10.17816/vto202027184-90Frank J.K., Siegert P., Plachel F., Heuberer P.R., Huber S., Schanda J.E. The evolution of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty-from the first steps to novel implant designs and surgical techniques. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(6):1512. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061512Frank J.K., Siegert P., Plachel F., Heuberer P.R., Huber S., Schanda J.E. The evolution of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty-from the first steps to novel implant designs and surgical techniques. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(6):1512. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061512Hermena S., Rednam M. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing, 2024.Hermena S., Rednam M. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing, 2024.Smith P.N., Gill D.R., McAuliffe M.J., McDougall C., Stoney J.D., Vertullo C.J., Wall C.J., Corfield S., Page R., Cuthbert A.R., Du P., Harries D., Holder C., Lorimer M.F., Cashman K., Lewis P.L. Hip, knee and shoulder arthroplasty: 2023 Annual Report, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Adelaide, 2023. 482 p. doi: 10.25310/YWQZ9375Smith P.N., Gill D.R., McAuliffe M.J., McDougall C., Stoney J.D., Vertullo C.J., Wall C.J., Corfield S., Page R., Cuthbert A.R., Du P., Harries D., Holder C., Lorimer M.F., Cashman K., Lewis P.L. Hip, knee and shoulder arthroplasty: 2023 Annual Report, Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. Adelaide, 2023. 482 p. doi: 10.25310/YWQZ9375Yamada E., Kozono N., Nabeshima A., Tashiro E., Nakashima Y. Baseplate inferior offset affects shoulder range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty in Asian population. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2024;19(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-04506-wYamada E., Kozono N., Nabeshima A., Tashiro E., Nakashima Y. Baseplate inferior offset affects shoulder range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty in Asian population. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2024;19(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13018-023-04506-wColasanti C.A., Lin C.C., Ross K.A., Luthringer T., Elwell J.A., Roche C.P., Virk M.S., Simovitch R.W., Routman H.D., Zuckerman J.D. Augmented baseplates yield optimum outcomes when compared with bone graft augmentation for managing glenoid deformity during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective comparative study. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(5):958–971. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.10.015Colasanti C.A., Lin C.C., Ross K.A., Luthringer T., Elwell J.A., Roche C.P., Virk M.S., Simovitch R.W., Routman H.D., Zuckerman J.D. Augmented baseplates yield optimum outcomes when compared with bone graft augmentation for managing glenoid deformity during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a retrospective comparative study. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(5):958–971. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.10.015Boileau P., Morin-Salvo N., Gauci M.O., Seeto B.L., Chalmers P.N., Holzer N., Walch G. Angled BIO-RSA (bony-increased offset-reverse shoulder arthroplasty): a solution for the management of glenoid bone loss and erosion. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(12):2133–2142. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.05.024Boileau P., Morin-Salvo N., Gauci M.O., Seeto B.L., Chalmers P.N., Holzer N., Walch G. Angled BIO-RSA (bony-increased offset-reverse shoulder arthroplasty): a solution for the management of glenoid bone loss and erosion. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(12):2133–2142. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.05.024Miller M., Chalmers P.N., Nyfeler J., Mhyre L., Wheelwright C., Konery K., Kawakami J., Tashjian R. Z. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased symptomatic acromial and scapular spine stress fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Int. 2020;5(2):261–265. doi: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.10.010Miller M., Chalmers P.N., Nyfeler J., Mhyre L., Wheelwright C., Konery K., Kawakami J., Tashjian R. Z. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased symptomatic acromial and scapular spine stress fracture after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. JSES Int. 2020;5(2):261–265. doi: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.10.010Navarro R.A. Long-term value may determine if RTSA for cuff-intact osteoarthritis with glenoid defects does not require bone grafts or augments. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2021;103(7):e30. doi: 10.2106/jBJS.21.00078Navarro R.A. Long-term value may determine if RTSA for cuff-intact osteoarthritis with glenoid defects does not require bone grafts or augments. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2021;103(7):e30. doi: 10.2106/jBJS.21.00078Sanchez-Sotelo J. Glenoid bone loss: Etiology, evaluation, and classification. Instr. Course Lect. 2019:68:65–78.Sanchez-Sotelo J. Glenoid bone loss: Etiology, evaluation, and classification. Instr. Course Lect. 2019:68:65–78.McFarland E.G., Huri G., Hyun Y.S., Petersen S.A., Srikumaran U. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty without bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss in patients with osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2021;103(7):e30. doi: 10.2106/jBJS.21.00078McFarland E.G., Huri G., Hyun Y.S., Petersen S.A., Srikumaran U. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty without bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss in patients with osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2021;103(7):e30. doi: 10.2106/jBJS.21.00078Franceschetti E., Giovannetti de Sanctis E., Gregori P., Paciotti M., Palumbo A., Franceschi F. Angled BIO-RSAleads to better inclinationandclinical outcomes compared to Standard BIO-RSA and eccentric reaming: A comparative study. Shoulder Elbow. 2023;15(3, Suppl.):35–42. doi: 10.1177/17585732211067156Franceschetti E., Giovannetti de Sanctis E., Gregori P., Paciotti M., Palumbo A., Franceschi F. Angled BIO-RSAleads to better inclinationandclinical outcomes compared to Standard BIO-RSA and eccentric reaming: A comparative study. Shoulder Elbow. 2023;15(3, Suppl.):35–42. doi: 10.1177/17585732211067156Haikal E.R., Fares M.Y., Abboud J.A. Patient-specific implants in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Clin. Shoulder Elb. 2024;27(1):108–116. doi:10.5397/cise.2023.00038Haikal E.R., Fares M.Y., Abboud J.A. Patient-specific implants in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Clin. Shoulder Elb. 2024;27(1):108–116. doi:10.5397/cise.2023.00038Hamada K., Yamanaka K., Uchiyama Y., Mikasa T., Mikasa M. A radiographic classification of massive rotator cuff tear arthritis. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2011;469(9):2452–2460. doi: 10.1007/s11999011-1896-9Hamada K., Yamanaka K., Uchiyama Y., Mikasa T., Mikasa M. A radiographic classification of massive rotator cuff tear arthritis. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2011;469(9):2452–2460. doi: 10.1007/s11999011-1896-9Kääb M.J., Kohut G., Irlenbusch U., Joudet T., Reuther F. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in massive rotator cuff tears: does the Hamada classification predict clinical outcomes? Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 2022;142(7):1405–1411. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-03755-wKääb M.J., Kohut G., Irlenbusch U., Joudet T., Reuther F. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in massive rotator cuff tears: does the Hamada classification predict clinical outcomes? Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 2022;142(7):1405–1411. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-03755-wDainotto T., Gómez D., Ernst G. Can distalisation and lateralisation shoulder angles in reverse arthroplasty interfere with the functional results in patients with rotator cuff arthropathy? Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Sao Paulo). 2024;59(1):e93–e100. doi: 10.1055/s-00441779609Dainotto T., Gómez D., Ernst G. Can distalisation and lateralisation shoulder angles in reverse arthroplasty interfere with the functional results in patients with rotator cuff arthropathy? Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Sao Paulo). 2024;59(1):e93–e100. doi: 10.1055/s-00441779609Gohlke F., Werner B. Humerale und glenoidale Knochendefekte in der Schulterendoprothetik: Klassifikation und Behandlungsprinzipien. Der Orthopade. 2017;46(12):1008–1014. doi: 10.1007/s00132-017-3484-5Gohlke F., Werner B. Humeral and glenoid bone loss in shoulder arthroplasty : Classification and treatment principles. Der Orthopade. 2017;46(12):1008– 1014. [In German]. doi: 10.1007/s00132-017-3484-5Seidl A.J., Williams G.R., Boileau P. Challenges in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Addressing glenoid bone loss. Orthopedics. 2016;39(1):14–23. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20160111-01Seidl A.J., Williams G.R., Boileau P. Challenges in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Addressing glenoid bone loss. Orthopedics. 2016;39(1):14–23. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20160111-01Italia K.R., Green N., Maharaj J., Launay M., Gupta A. Computed tomographic evaluation of glenoid joint line restoration with glenoid bone grafting and reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with significant glenoid bone loss. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(3):599–608. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.09.031Italia K.R., Green N., Maharaj J., Launay M., Gupta A. Computed tomographic evaluation of glenoid joint line restoration with glenoid bone grafting and reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with significant glenoid bone loss. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(3):599–608. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.09.031Bercik M.J., Kruse K. 2nd, Yalizis M., Gauci M.O., Chaoui J., Walch G. A modification to the Walch classification of the glenoid in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis using three-dimensional imaging. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(10):1601–1606. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.03.010Bercik M.J., Kruse K. 2nd, Yalizis M., Gauci M.O., Chaoui J., Walch G. A modification to the Walch classification of the glenoid in primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis using three-dimensional imaging. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(10):1601–1606. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.03.010Iannotti J.P., Jun B.J., Patterson T.E., Ricchetti E.T. Quantitative measurement of osseous pathology in advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2017;99(17):1460–1468. doi: 10.2106/jBJS.16.00869Iannotti J.P., Jun B.J., Patterson T.E., Ricchetti E.T. Quantitative measurement of osseous pathology in advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2017;99(17):1460–1468. doi: 10.2106/jBJS.16.00869Wagner E., Sperling J.W. Management of glenoid bone loss in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2017;2:28–31.Wagner E., Sperling J.W. Management of glenoid bone loss in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Acta of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 2017;2:28–31.Seidl A.J., Williams G.R., Boileau P. Challenges in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Addressing glenoid bone loss. Orthopedics. 2016;39(1):14–23. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20160111-01Seidl A.J., Williams G.R., Boileau P. Challenges in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: Addressing glenoid bone loss. Orthopedics. 2016;39(1):14–23. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20160111-01Levigne C., Franceschi J. Rheumatoid arthritis of the shoulder: radiological presentation and results of arthroplasty. In: Shoulder arthroplasty. Eds. G. Walch, P. Boileau. Berlin: Springer, 1999. S. 221–230.Levigne C., Franceschi J. Rheumatoid arthritis of the shoulder: radiological presentation and results of arthroplasty. In: Shoulder arthroplasty. Eds. G. Walch, P. Boileau. Berlin: Springer, 1999. S. 221–230.He Y., Xiao L. B., Zhai W.T., Xu Y.L. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: early outcomes, pitfalls, and challenges. Orthop. Surg. 2020;12(5):1380–1387. doi: 10.1111/os.12769He Y., Xiao L. B., Zhai W.T., Xu Y.L. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: early outcomes, pitfalls, and challenges. Orthop. Surg. 2020;12(5):1380–1387. doi: 10.1111/os.12769Lévigne C., Chelli M., Johnston T.R., Trojani M.C., Molé D., Walch G., Boileau P. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis: survival and outcomes. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(10):2312– 2324. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.033Lévigne C., Chelli M., Johnston T.R., Trojani M.C., Molé D., Walch G., Boileau P. Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis: survival and outcomes. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(10):2312– 2324. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.01.033Gupta A., Thussbas C., Koch, M., Seebauer L. Management of glenoid bone defects with reverse shoulder arthroplasty-surgical technique and clinical outcomes. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(5):853– 862. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.10.004Gupta A., Thussbas C., Koch, M., Seebauer L. Management of glenoid bone defects with reverse shoulder arthroplasty-surgical technique and clinical outcomes. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018;27(5):853– 862. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.10.004Italia K.R., Green N., Maharaj J., Launay M., Gupta A. Computed tomographic evaluation of glenoid joint line restoration with glenoid bone grafting and reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with significant glenoid bone loss. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(3):599–608. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.09.031Italia K.R., Green N., Maharaj J., Launay M., Gupta A. Computed tomographic evaluation of glenoid joint line restoration with glenoid bone grafting and reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with significant glenoid bone loss. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2021;30(3):599–608. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.09.031Jo Y.H., Kim D.H., Lee B.G. When should reverse total shoulder arthroplasty be considered in glenohumeral joint arthritis? Clin. Shoulder Elb. 2021;24(4):272–278. doi: 10.5397/cise.2021.00633Jo Y.H., Kim D.H., Lee B.G. When should reverse total shoulder arthroplasty be considered in glenohumeral joint arthritis? Clin. Shoulder Elb. 2021;24(4):272–278. doi: 10.5397/cise.2021.00633Andrin J., Macaron C., Pottecher P., Martz P., Baulot E., Trouilloud P., Viard B. Determination of a new computed tomography method for measuring the glenoid version and comparing with a reference method. Radio-anatomical and retrospective study. Int. Orthop. 2016;40(3):525–529. doi: 10.1007/s00264-015-2867-7Andrin J., Macaron C., Pottecher P., Martz P., Baulot E., Trouilloud P., Viard B. Determination of a new computed tomography method for measuring the glenoid version and comparing with a reference method. Radio-anatomical and retrospective study. Int. Orthop. 2016;40(3):525–529. doi: 10.1007/s00264-015-2867-7Mulligan R., Feldman J., Bonnaig N., Weller W., Miller R., Azar F., Throckmorton T. Comparison of axillary lateral radiography with computed tomography in the preoperative characterization of glenohumeral wear patterns and the effects of body mass index on quality of imaging. Cur. Orthop. Pract. 2019;30(5):471–476. doi: 10.1097/BCO.0000000000000784Mulligan R., Feldman J., Bonnaig N., Weller W., Miller R., Azar F., Throckmorton T. Comparison of axillary lateral radiography with computed tomography in the preoperative characterization of glenohumeral wear patterns and the effects of body mass index on quality of imaging. Cur. Orthop. Pract. 2019;30(5):471–476. doi: 10.1097/BCO.0000000000000784Daggett M., Werner B., Gauci M.O., Chaoui J., Walch G. Comparison of glenoid inclination angle using different clinical imaging modalities. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(2):180–185. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.001Daggett M., Werner B., Gauci M.O., Chaoui J., Walch G. Comparison of glenoid inclination angle using different clinical imaging modalities. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016;25(2):180–185. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.001Rojas J., Lievano, Jiménez A.M., González-Rico H.A., Salas M., Fierro G., González, J.C. Preoperative planning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: plain radiographs vs. computed tomography scan vs. navigation vs. augmented reality. Ann. Jt. 2023;8:37. doi: 10.21037/aoj-23-20Rojas J., Lievano, Jiménez A.M., González-Rico H.A., Salas M., Fierro G., González, J.C. Preoperative planning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: plain radiographs vs. computed tomography scan vs. navigation vs. augmented reality. Ann. Jt. 2023;8:37. doi: 10.21037/aoj-23-20Ott N., Kieback J.D., Welle K., Paul C., Burger C., Kabir K. The base of coracoid process as a reference for glenoid reconstruction in primary or revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty: CT-based anatomical study. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 2022;142(3):387–393. doi: 10.1007/s00402-020-03642-wOtt N., Kieback J.D., Welle K., Paul C., Burger C., Kabir K. The base of coracoid process as a reference for glenoid reconstruction in primary or revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty: CT-based anatomical study. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 2022;142(3):387–393. doi: 10.1007/s00402-020-03642-wReid J.J., Kunkle B.F., Greene A.T., Eichinger J.K., Friedman R.J. Variability and reliability of 2-dimensional vs. 3-dimensional glenoid version measurements with 3-dimensional preoperative planning software. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;31(2):302–309. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.011Reid J.J., Kunkle B.F., Greene A.T., Eichinger J.K., Friedman R.J. Variability and reliability of 2-dimensional vs. 3-dimensional glenoid version measurements with 3-dimensional preoperative planning software. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2022;31(2):302–309. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.07.011Rocha Motta Filho G.D., Amaral M.V., Cohen M., Carvalho M.S.S., Fonseca R.S.D., Oliveira A.C.L. Comparison of manual two-dimensional and automated three-dimensional methods of assessing shoulder joint morphology through computed tomography images. Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Sao Paulo). 2024;59(4):e590–e598. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1786821Rocha Motta Filho G.D., Amaral M.V., Cohen M., Carvalho M.S.S., Fonseca R.S.D., Oliveira A.C.L. Comparison of manual two-dimensional and automated three-dimensional methods of assessing shoulder joint morphology through computed tomography images. Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Sao Paulo). 2024;59(4):e590–e598. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1786821Shah S.S., Sahota S., Denard P.J., Provencher M.T., Parsons B.O., Hartzler R.U., Dines J.S. Variability in total shoulder arthroplasty planning software compared to a control CT-derived 3D printed scapula. Shoulder Elbow. 2021;13(3):268–275. doi: 10.1177/1758573219888821Shah S.S., Sahota S., Denard P.J., Provencher M.T., Parsons B.O., Hartzler R.U., Dines J.S. Variability in total shoulder arthroplasty planning software compared to a control CT-derived 3D printed scapula. Shoulder Elbow. 2021;13(3):268–275. doi: 10.1177/1758573219888821Hendel M.D., Werner B.C., Camp C.L., Gulotta L.V., Walch G., Dines D.M., Dines J.S. Management of the biconcave (B2) glenoid in shoulder arthroplasty: Technical considerations. Am. J. Orthop. (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45(4):220–227.Hendel M.D., Werner B.C., Camp C.L., Gulotta L.V., Walch G., Dines D.M., Dines J.S. Management of the biconcave (B2) glenoid in shoulder arthroplasty: Technical considerations. Am. J. Orthop. (Belle Mead NJ). 2016;45(4):220–227.McFarland E.G., Huri G., Hyun Y.S., Petersen S.A., Srikumaran U. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty without bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss in patients with osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2016;98(21):1801–1807. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.15.01181.McFarland E.G., Huri G., Hyun Y.S., Petersen S.A., Srikumaran U. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty without bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss in patients with osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2016;98(21):1801–1807. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.15.01181.McFarland E.G., Meshram P., Rojas J., Joseph J., Srikumaran U. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty without bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss in patients with osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff: A concise 5-year follow-up of a previous report. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2021;103(7):581–585. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.01042.McFarland E.G., Meshram P., Rojas J., Joseph J., Srikumaran U. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty without bone-grafting for severe glenoid bone loss in patients with osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuff: A concise 5-year follow-up of a previous report. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2021;103(7):581–585. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.01042.Wang T., Abrams G.D., Behn A.W., Lindsey D., Giori N., Cheung E.V. Posterior glenoid wear in total shoulder arthroplasty: eccentric anterior reaming is superior to posterior augment. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2015;473(12):3928–3936. doi: 10.1007/s11999-015-4482-8Wang T., Abrams G.D., Behn A.W., Lindsey D., Giori N., Cheung E.V. Posterior glenoid wear in total shoulder arthroplasty: eccentric anterior reaming is superior to posterior augment. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2015;473(12):3928–3936. doi: 10.1007/s11999-015-4482-8Boileau P., Morin-Salvo N., Gauci M.O., Seeto B.L., Chalmers P.N., Holzer N., Walch G. Angled BIO-RSA (bony-increased offset-reverse shoulder arthroplasty): a solution for the management of glenoid bone loss and erosion. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(12):2133–2142. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.05.024Boileau P., Morin-Salvo N., Gauci M.O., Seeto B.L., Chalmers P.N., Holzer N., Walch G. Angled BIO-RSA (bony-increased offset-reverse shoulder arthroplasty): a solution for the management of glenoid bone loss and erosion. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(12):2133–2142. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.05.024Al-Omairi S., Albadran A., Dagher D., Leroux T., Khan M. Glenoid bone loss in shoulder arthroplasty: a narrative review. Ann. Jt. 2024;9:8. doi: 10.21037/aoj-23-24Al-Omairi S., Albadran A., Dagher D., Leroux T., Khan M. Glenoid bone loss in shoulder arthroplasty: a narrative review. Ann. Jt. 2024;9:8. doi: 10.21037/aoj-23-24Boileau P., Morin-Salvo N., Bessière C., Chelli M., Gauci M.O., Lemmex D.B. Bony increased-offset-reverse shoulder arthroplasty: 5 to 10 years’ follow-up. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020 Oct;29(10):2111–2122. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.008.Boileau P., Morin-Salvo N., Bessière C., Chelli M., Gauci M.O., Lemmex D.B. Bony increased-offset-reverse shoulder arthroplasty: 5 to 10 years’ follow-up. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020 Oct;29(10):2111–2122. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.02.008.Карапетян Г.С., Шуйский А.А. Наш первый опыт использования гидроксиапатитной пасты для улучшения интеграции гленоидального компонента реверсивного протеза при костном дефекте лопатки (случай из практики). Acta Biomed. Sci. 2023; 8(2): 203–213. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2023-8.2.20Karapetyan G.S., Shuyskiy A.A. Our first experience with the use of hydroxyapatite paste to improve the integration of the glenoid component of a reverse prosthesis with a bone defect of the scapula (case report). Acta Biomed. Sci. 2023;8(2):203–213. [In Russian]. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2023-8.2.20Imai S. A sequential approach to the management of posterior glenoid defects in RSA: Angulated BIO versus multiple bioresorbable pinning-assisted structural bone-grafting. JB JS Open Access. 202121;6(4):e21.00049. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.21.00049Imai S. A sequential approach to the management of posterior glenoid defects in RSA: Angulated BIO versus multiple bioresorbable pinning-assisted structural bone-grafting. JB JS Open Access. 202121;6(4):e21.00049. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.21.00049Ernstbrunner L., Werthel J.D., Wagner E., Hatta T., Sperling J.W., Cofield R.H. Glenoid bone grafting in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(8):1441–1447. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.01.011Ernstbrunner L., Werthel J.D., Wagner E., Hatta T., Sperling J.W., Cofield R.H. Glenoid bone grafting in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(8):1441–1447. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.01.011Merolla G., Giorgini A., Bonfatti R., Micheloni G.M., Negri A., Catani F., Tarallo L., Paladini P., Porcellini G. BIO-RSA vs. metal-augmented baseplate in shoulder osteoarthritis with multiplanar glenoid deformity: a comparative study of radiographic findings and patient outcomes. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(11):2264– 2275. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.028Merolla G., Giorgini A., Bonfatti R., Micheloni G.M., Negri A., Catani F., Tarallo L., Paladini P., Porcellini G. BIO-RSA vs. metal-augmented baseplate in shoulder osteoarthritis with multiplanar glenoid deformity: a comparative study of radiographic findings and patient outcomes. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(11):2264– 2275. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.028Porcellini G., Micheloni G.M., Tarallo L., Paladini P., Merolla G., Catani F. Custom-made reverse shoulder arthroplasty for severe glenoid bone loss: review of the literature and our preliminary results. J. Orthop. Traumatol. 2021;22(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s10195020-00564-6Porcellini G., Micheloni G.M., Tarallo L., Paladini P., Merolla G., Catani F. Custom-made reverse shoulder arthroplasty for severe glenoid bone loss: review of the literature and our preliminary results. J. Orthop. Traumatol. 2021;22(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s10195020-00564-6Malhas A.M., Granville-Chapman J., Robinson P.M., Brookes-Fazakerley S., Walton M., Monga P., Bale S., Trail I. Reconstruction of the glenoid using autologous bone-graft and the SMR Axioma TT metal-backed prosthesis: the first 45 sequential cases at a minimum of two years’ follow-up. Bone Joint J. 2018;100B(12):1609–1617. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B12.BJJ-2018-0494.R1Malhas A.M., Granville-Chapman J., Robinson P.M., Brookes-Fazakerley S., Walton M., Monga P., Bale S., Trail I. Reconstruction of the glenoid using autologous bone-graft and the SMR Axioma TT metal-backed prosthesis: the first 45 sequential cases at a minimum of two years’ follow-up. Bone Joint J. 2018;100B(12):1609–1617. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B12.BJJ-2018-0494.R1Malhas A., Rashid A., Copas D., Bale S., Trail I. Glenoid bone loss in primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder Elbow. 2016;8(4):229–240. doi: 10.1177/1758573216648601Malhas A., Rashid A., Copas D., Bale S., Trail I. Glenoid bone loss in primary and revision shoulder arthroplasty. Shoulder Elbow. 2016;8(4):229–240. doi: 10.1177/1758573216648601Rashid M.S., Cunningham L., Shields D.W., Walton M.J., Monga P., Bale R.S., Trail I.A. Clinical and radiologic outcomes of Lima ProMade custom 3D-printed glenoid components in primary and revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with severe glenoid bone loss: a minimum 2-year follow-up. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(10):2017–2026. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.020Rashid M.S., Cunningham L., Shields D.W., Walton M.J., Monga P., Bale R.S., Trail I.A. Clinical and radiologic outcomes of Lima ProMade custom 3D-printed glenoid components in primary and revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with severe glenoid bone loss: a minimum 2-year follow-up. J. Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2023;32(10):2017–2026. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.04.020Ortmaier R., Wierer G., Gruber M.S. Functional and Radiological Outcomes after Treatment with Custom-Made Glenoid Components in Revision Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(3):551. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030551Ortmaier R., Wierer G., Gruber M.S. Functional and Radiological Outcomes after Treatment with Custom-Made Glenoid Components in Revision Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(3):551. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030551

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.