Материал и методы

sibmed

Сибирский научный медицинский журнал

2410-25122410-2520

ИЦиГ СО РАН

10.18699/SSMJ20250509

sibmed-2441

Research Article

ОБЗОРЫ

REVIEWS

Влияние терапии генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами на систему гемостаза у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом

The effect of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on the pathology of the hemostatic system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9404-712X

Кононыхин

А. А.

Kononykhin

A. A.

Кононыхин Алексей Андреевич

640014, г. Курган, ул. Марии Ульяновой, 6

Aleksey A. Kononykhin

640014, Kurgan, Marii Ulyanovoy st., 6

kononykhin.al98@mail.ru

Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Академика Г.А. ИлизароваРоссияIlizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and OrthopedicsRussian Federation

2025

04112025

455111129

2025

Кононыхин А.А.

Kononykhin A.A.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2441

Пациенты с ревматоидным артритом (РА) имеют повышенный риск развития атеросклероза. Существенный вклад в прогрессирование атеросклеротического поражения артерий у больных РА вносят активация системы гемостаза и системное воспаление. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты (ГИБП) все чаще применяются у пациентов с РА. Учитывая наличие взаимосвязи между системным воспалением и гемостатическими нарушениями, не лишено оснований предположение о том, что ГИБП могут оказывать влияние на систему гемостаза у больных РА. Цель исследования – на основе анализа данных научных исследований продемонстрировать влияние генно-инженерной биологической терапии на систему гемостаза, а также оценить связь между системным воспалением и гиперкоагуляцией у пациентов с РА.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Поиск публикаций проводился в научных базах данных Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, eLibrary. В качестве маркеров поиска использовались следующие ключевые слова и словосочетания: ревматоидный артрит (rheumatoid arthritis), атеросклероз (atherosclerosis), гемостаз (hemostasis), тромбоз (thrombosis), противоревматическая терапия (antirheumatic therapy), цитокины (cytokines), системное воспаление (systemic inflammation). Глубина поиска – 2014–2024 гг.

Результаты и их обсуждение. Благоприятное влияние ГИБП на снижение протромбогенного потенциала у больных РА связано со снижением выраженности системного воспаления, модификацией цитокинового статуса, улучшением функции эндотелия. Имеются данные, свидетельствующие о негативном влиянии ГИБП на систему гемостаза у пациентов с РА, что выражается в увеличении риска возникновения венозных и артериальных тромбозов и развития кровотечений.

Заключение

Заключение. Изучение влияния ГИБП на свертывающую систему крови, а также уточнение патогенетических взаимосвязей между патологией гемостаза и системным воспалением у пациентов с РА представляет значительный научный интерес с точки зрения как снижения риска развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, профилактики тромбоэмболических осложнений, так и поиска новых терапевтических мишеней.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. A significant contribution to the progression of atherosclerotic arterial disease in patients with RA is made by activation of the hemostatic system and systemic inflammation. Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARD) are increasingly used in patients with RA. Considering the relationship between systemic inflammation and hemostatic disorders, it is not unreasonable to assume that bDMARD may have an effect on the hemostatic system in patients with RA. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the effect of bDMARD on the hemostasis system based on the analysis of scientific research data, as well as evaluate the relationship between systemic inflammation and hypercoagulation in patients with RA.

Material and methods

Material and methods. The search for publications was carried out in scientific databases Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and eLibrary. The following keywords and phrases were used as search markers: rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, hemostasis, thrombosis, antirheumatic therapy, cytokines, systemic inflammation. Search depth – 2014– 2024.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. The beneficial effect of bDMARD on reducing the prothrombogenic potential in patients with RA is associated with a decrease in systemic inflammation, modification of cytokine status, and improvement of endothelial function. There is evidence of a negative effect of bDMARD on the hemostatic system in patients with RA, which is reflected in an increased risk of venous and arterial thrombosis and the development of bleeding.

Conclusions

Conclusions. Studying the effect of bDMARD on the blood coagulation system, as well as clarifying the pathogenetic relationships between the pathology of hemostasis and systemic inflammation in patients with RA is of significant scientific interest from the point of view of both reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, preventing thromboembolic complications, and searching for new therapeutic targets.

ревматоидный артритатеросклерозгемостазтромбозпротиворевматическая терапияцитокинысистемное воспаление

rheumatoid arthritisatherosclerosishemostasisthrombosisantirheumatic therapycytokinessystemic inflammation

References1

Насонов Е.Л., Олюнин Ю.А., Лила А.М. Ревматоидный артрит: проблемы ремиссии и резистентности к терапии. Научнопракт. ревматол. 2018;56(3):263–271. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-263-271

Nasonov E.L., Olyunin Yu.A., Lila A.M. Rheumatoid arthritis: the problems of remission and therapy resistance. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(3):363– 271.[In Russian]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-263-271

Woude D., Helm-van Mil A.H.M. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 2018;32(2):174–187. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.10.005

Лила А.М., Дубинина Т.В., Древаль Р.О., Лапшина С.А., Заботина А.Н. Медико-социальная значимость и расчет экономического бремени аксиального спондилоартрита в РоссийскойФедерации. Соврем. ревматол. 2022;16(1):20–25. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2022-1-20-25

Lila A.M., Dubinina T.V., Dreval R.О., Lapshina S.А., Zabotina A.N. Medical and social significance and calculation of the economic burden of axial spondyloarthritis in the Russian Federation. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2022;16(1):20–25. [In Russian]. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2022-1-20-25

Kang S., Han K., Jung J.H., Eun Y., Kim I.Y., Hwang J., Koh E.M., Lee S., Cha H.S., Kim H., Lee J. Associations between cardiovascular outcomes and rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(22):6812. doi: 10.3390/jcm11226812

Agca R., Heslinga S., Rollefstad S., Heslinga M., McInnes I., Peters M., Kvien T., Dougados M., Radner H., Atzeni F., … Gonzalez-Gay M.H. MEULAR recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disorders: 2015/2016 update. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2017;76(1):17–28. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209775

Dzaye O., Dudum R., Reiter-Brennan C., Kianoush S., Tota-Maharaj R., Cainzos-Achirica M., Blaha M.J. Coronary artery calcium scoring for individualized cardiovascular risk estimation in important patient subpopulations after the 2019 AHA/ACC primary prevention guidelines. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2019;62(5):423–430. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.10.007

Baghdadi L.R., Woodman R.J., Shanahan E.M., Mangoni A.A. The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117952

Raj R., Thomas S., Gorantla V. Accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. F1000Res. 2022;11:466. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.112921.2

Бердюгина О.В., Черешнев В.А., Бердюгин К.А. Посттравматический гемартроз с точки зрения теории воспаления. Гений ортопедии. 2023;29(2):211–224.

Berdyugina O.V., Chereshnev V.A., Berdiugin K.A. Posttraumatic hemarthrosis in view of the inflammation theory. Geniy ortopedii = Genius of Orthopaedics. 2023;29(2):211–224. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18019/1028- 4427-2023-29-2-211-224

Chung W.S., Peng C.L., Lin C.L., Chang Y.J., Chen Y.F., Chiang J.Y., Sung F.C., Kao C.H. Rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism: a nationwide cohort study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2014;73(10):1774–1780. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203380

Li L., Lu N., Avina-Galindo A.M., Zheng Y., Lacaille D., Esdaile J.M., Choi H.K., Aviña-Zubieta J.A. The risk and trend of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a general population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(1):188–195. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa262

Ungprasert P., Srivali N., Spanuchart I., Thongprayoon C., Knight E.L. Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Rheumatol. 2014;33(3):297–304. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2492-7

Hu L.J., Ji B., Fan H.X. Venous thromboembolism risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2021;25(22):7005–7013. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202111_27249

Fazal Z.A., Avina-Galindo A.M., Marozoff S., Kwan J., Lu N., Avina-Zubieta J.A. Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC. Rheumatol. 2024;8(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s41927-024-00376-9

Ungprasert P., Srivali N., Wijarnpreecha K., Charoenpong P., Knight E.L. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(4):736–742. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu408

Waljee A.K., Rogers M.A.M., Lin P., Singal A.G., Stein J.D., Marks R.M., Ayanian J.Z., Nallamothu B.K. Short term use of oral corticosteroids and related harms among adults in the United States: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2017;357:j1415. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j1415

Сатыбалдыева М.А., Решетняк Т.М., Середавкина Н.В., Глухова С.И., Каратеев Д.Е., Насонов Е.Л. Факторы риска венозных тромбозов у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практ. ревматол. 2018;56(6):692–696. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-692-696

Satybaldyeva M.A., Reshetnyak T.M., Seredavkina N.V., Glukhova S.I., Karateev D.E., Nasonov E.L. Risk factors for venous thromboses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(6):692–696 [In Russian]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-692-696

Arneth B. Coevolution of the coagulation and immune systems. Inflamm. Res. 2019;68(2):117–123. doi: 10.1007/s00011-018-01210-y

Kim J.S., Choi M., Choi J.Y., Kim J.Y., Kim J.Y., Song J.S., Ivashkiv L.B., Lee E.Y. Implication of the association of fibrinogen citrullination and osteoclastogenesis in bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Cells. 2020;9(12):2720. doi: 10.3390/cells9122720

Aripova N., Duryee M.J., England B.R., Hunter C.D., Mordeson J.E., Ryan E.M., Daubach E.C., Romberger D.J., Thiele G.M., Mikuls T.R. Citrullinated and malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde modified fibrinogen activates macrophages and promotes an aggressive synovial fibroblast phenotype in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Front. Immunol. 2023;14:1203548. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203548

Hejblum B.P., Cui J., Lahey L.J., Cagan A., Sparks J.A., Sokolove J., Cai T., Liao K.P. Association between anti-citrullinated fibrinogen antibodies and coronary artery disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. (Hoboken). 2018;70(7):1113–1117. doi: 10.1002/acr.23444

Olumuyiwa-Akeredolu O.O., Page M.J., Soma P., Pretorius E. Platelets: emerging facilitators of cellular crosstalk in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 2019;15(4):237–248. doi: 10.1038/s41584-019-0187-9

Xue L., Tao L., Li X., Wang Y., Wang B., Zhang Y., Gao N., Dong Y., Xu N., Xiong C., … Li M. Plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation product as biomarkers of rheumatoid arthritis. Sci. Rep. 2021;11(1):16903. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96349-w

Avouac J., Fogel O., Hecquet S., Daien C., Elalamy I., Picard F., Prati C., Salmon J.H., Truchetet M.E., Sellam J., Molto A.; behalf of the French Society of Rheumatology. Recommendations for assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism before the initiation of targeted therapies for chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Joint Bone Spine. 2023;90(5):105592. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105592

Bezuidenhout J.A., Pretorius E. The central role of acute phase proteins in rheumatoid arthritis: involvement in disease autoimmunity, in fl ammatory responses, and the heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 2020;46(4):465–483. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1709475

So A.K., Varisco P.A., Kemkes-Matthes B., Herkenne-Morard C., Chobaz-Péclat V., Gerster J.C., Busso N. Arthritis is linked to local and systemic activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2003;1(12):2510–2515. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2003.00462.x

Buckley B.J., Ali U., Kelso M.J., Ranson M. The urokinase plasminogen activation system in rheumatoid arthritis: pathophysiological roles and prospective therapeutic targets. Curr. Drug. Targets. 2019;20(9):970–981. doi: 10.2174/1389450120666181204164140

Kurgan Ş., Önder C., Balcı N., Fentoğlu Ö., Eser F., Balseven M., Serdar M.A., Tatakis D.N., Günhan M. Gingival crevicular fluid tissue/blood vessel-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J. Periodontal. Res. 2017;52(3):574–581. doi: 10.1111/jre.12425

Valladolid C., Martinez-Vargas M., Sekhar N., Lam F., Brown C., Palzkill T., Tischer A., Auton M., Vijayan K.V., Rumbaut R.E., Nguyen T.C., Cruz M.A. Modulating the rate of fibrin formation and clot structure attenuates microvascular thrombosis in systemic inflammation. Blood. Adv. 2020;4(7):1340–1349. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001500

De Sá M.C., Simão A.N.C., de Medeiros F.A., Iriyoda T.M.V., Costa N.T., Alfieri D.F., Flauzino T., Sekiguchi B.A., Lozovoy M.A.B., Reiche E.M.V., Maes M., Dichi I. Cell adhesion molecules and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of metabolic syndrome. Clin. Exp. Med. 2018;18(4):495–504. doi: 10.1007/s10238-018-0516-3

Luo M., Li R., Ren M., Chen N., Deng X., Tan X., Li Y., Zeng M., Yang Y., Wan Q., Wu J. Hyperglycaemia-induced reciprocal changes in miR-30c and PAI-1 expression in platelets. Sci. Rep. 2016;6:36687. doi: 10.1038/srep36687

van den Oever I.A., Sattar N., Nurmohamed M.T. Thromboembolic and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: role of the haemostatic system. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2014;73(6):954–957. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204767

Liang H., Danwada R., Guo D., Curtis J.R., Kilpatrick R.D., Hendrickson B., Islam S.S. Incidence of inpatient venous thromboembolism in treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the association with switching biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in the real-world setting. RMD Open. 2019;5(2):e001013. doi: 10.1136/ rmdopen-2019-001013

Burzynski L.C., Humphry M., Pyrillou K., Wiggins K.A., Chan J.N.E., Figg N., Kitt L.L., Summers C., Tatham K.C., Martin P.B., Bennett M.R., Clarke M.C.H. The coagulation and immune systems are directly linked through the activation of interleukin-1α by thrombin. Immunity. 2019;50(4):1033–1042. e6. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.003

Senchenkova E.Y., Komoto S., Russell J., Almeida-Paula L.D., Yan L.S., Zhang S., Granger D.N. Interleukin-6 mediates the platelet abnormalities and thrombogenesis associated with experimental colitis. Am. J. Pathol. 2013;183(1):173–181. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.014

Senchenkova E.Y., Russell J., Yildirim A., Granger D.N., Gavins F.N.E. Novel role of T cells and IL-6 (interleukin-6) in angiotensin ii-induced microvascular dysfunction. Hypertension. 2019;73(4):829–838. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12286

Fukui S., Gutch S., Fukui S., Chu L., Wagner D.D. Anti-inflammatory protective effect of ADAMTS-13 in murine arthritis models. J. Thromb. Haemost. 2022;20(10):2386–2393. doi: 10.1111/jth.15828

Ristić G.G., Subota V., Lepić T., Stanisavljević D., Glišić B., Ristić A.D., Petronijević M., Stefanović D.Z. Subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and low cardiovascular risk: the role of von Willebrand factor activity. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0130462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130462

Gurol G., Ciftci I.H., Harman H., Karakece E., Kamanli A., Tekeoglu I. Roles of claudin-5 and von Willebrand factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 2015;8(2):1979–1984.

Grover S.P., Mackman N. Tissue factor in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Atherosclerosis. 2020;307:80–86. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.003

Witkowski M., Landmesser U, Rauch U. Tissue factor as a link between inflammation and coagulation. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 2016;26(4):297–303. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.12.001

Frade-Sosa B., Sanmartí R. Neutrophils, neutrophil extracellular traps, and rheumatoid arthritis: An updated review for clinicians. Reumatol. Clin. (Engl. Ed.). 2023;19(9):515–526. doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2023.10.002

Döring Y., Soehnlein O., Weber C. Neutrophil extracellular traps in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Circ. Res. 2017;120(4):736–743. doi: 10.1161/ CIRCRESAHA.116.309692

Quillard T., Franck G., Mawson T., Folco E., Libby P. Mechanisms of erosion of atherosclerotic plaques. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2017;28(5):434–441. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000440

Partida R.A., Libby P., Crea F., Jang I.K. Plaque erosion: a new in vivo diagnosis and a potential major shift in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Eur. Heart. J. 2018;39(22):2070– 2076. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx786

Folco E.J., Mawson T.L., Vromman A., Bernardes-Souza B., Franck G., Persson O., Nakamura M., Newton G., Luscinskas F.W., Libby P. Neutrophil extracellular traps induce endothelial cell activation and tissue factor production through interleukin-1α and cathepsin G. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2018;38(8):1901– 1912. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311150

Franck G., Mawson T.L., Folco E.J., Molinaro R., Ruvkun V., Engelbertsen D., Liu X., Tesmenitsky Y., Shvartz E., Sukhova G.K., … Libby P. Roles of PAD4 and netosis in experimental atherosclerosis and arterial injury: implications for superficial erosion. Circ. Res. 2018;123(1):33–42. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.312494

Quillard T., Araujo H.A., Franck G., Shvartz E., Sukhova G., Libby P. TLR2 and neutrophils potentiate endothelial stress, apoptosis and detachment: implications for superficial erosion. Eur. Heart. J. 2015;36(22):1394–1404. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv044

Klopf J., Brostjan C., Eilenberg W., Neumayer C. Neutrophil extracellular traps and their implications in cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021;22(2):559. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020559

Gu C., Pang B., Sun S., An C., Wu M., Wang N., Yuan Y., Liu G. Neutrophil extracellular traps contributing to atherosclerosis: From pathophysiology to clinical implications. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 2023;248(15):1302–1312. doi: 10.1177/15353702231184217

Song W., Ye J., Pan N., Tan C., Herrmann M. Neutrophil extracellular traps tied to rheumatoid arthritis: points to ponder. Front. Immunol. 2021;11:578129. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578129

Yang X., Li L., Liu J., Lv B., Chen F. Extracellular histones induce tissue factor expression in vascular endothelial cells via TLR and activation of NF- κB and AP-1. Thromb. Res. 2016;137:211–218. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.10.012

Kim J.E., Yoo H.J., Gu J.Y., Kim H.K. Histones induce the procoagulant phenotype of endothelial cells through tissue factor up-regulation and thrombomodulin down-regulation. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156763. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156763

Döring Y., Libby P., Soehnlein O. Neutrophil extracellular traps participate in cardiovascular diseases: recent experimental and clinical insights. Circ. Res. 2020;126(9):1228–1241. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.315931

Kell D.B., Pretorius E. Serum ferritin is an important disease marker, and is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells. Metallomics. 2014;6(4):748–773. doi: 10.1039/C3MT00347G

van Eijk I.C., Tushuizen M.E., Sturk A., Dijkmans B.A., Boers M., Voskuyl A.E., Diamant M., Wolbink G.J., Nieuwland R., Nurmohamed M.T. Circulating microparticles remain associated with complement activation despite intensive anti-inflammatory therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2010;69(7):1378–1382. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.118372

Stojanovic A., Veselinovic M., Zong Y., Jakovljevic V., Pruner I., Antovic A. Increased expression of extracellular vesicles is associated with the procoagulant state in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis. Front. Immunol. 2021;12:718845. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718845

Gitz E., Pollitt A.Y., Gitz-Francois J.J., Alshehri O., Mori J., Montague S., Nash G.B., Douglas M.R., Gardiner E.E., Andrews R.K., … Watson S.P. CLEC-2 expression is maintained on activated platelets and on platelet microparticles. Blood. 2014;124(14):2262–2270. doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-572818

Catrina A., Krishnamurthy A., Rethi B. Current view on the pathogenic role of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2021;7(1):e001228. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001228

Xu M., Du R., Xing W., Chen X., Wan J., Wang S., Xiong L., Nandakumar K.S., Holmdahl R., Geng H. Platelets derived citrullinated proteins and microparticles are potential autoantibodies ACPA targets in RA patients. Front. Immunol. 2023;14:1084283. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084283

Rodríguez-Carrio J., Alperi-López M., Lopez P., Alonso-Castro S., Carro-Esteban S.R., Ballina-Garcíá F.J., Suarez A. Altered profile of circulating microparticles in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin. Sci. (Lond). 2015;128(7):437–448. doi: 10.1042/CS20140675

Pretorius E., Akeredolu O.O., Soma P., Kell D.B. Major involvement of bacterial components in rheumatoid arthritis and its accompanying oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 2017;242(4):355–373. doi: 10.1177/1535370216681549

Rincón-Arévalo H., Burbano C., Atehortúa L., Rojas M., Vanegas-García A., Vásquez G., Castaño D. Modulation of B cell activation by extracellular vesicles and potential alteration of this pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis. Res. Ther. 2022;24(1):169. doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02837-3

Beinsberger J., Heemskerk J.W., Cosemans J.M. Chronic arthritis and cardiovascular disease: Altered blood parameters give rise to a prothrombotic propensity. Semin. Arthritis. Rheum. 2014;44(3):345– 352. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.06.006

Wang F., Liu J., Fang Y., Wen J., He M., Han Q., Li X. Hypercoagulability in rheumatoid arthritis: a bibliometric analysis and retrospective data mining study. ACS Omega. 2023;8(50):48522–48534. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08460

Khaled S.A.A., Mahmoud H.F.F. Platelet indices parameters in the new disease activity score of rheumatoid arthritis with ankle involvement: A comparative analytic study. PLoS One. 2021;16(9):e0257200. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257200

Jiang S.Z., To J.L., Hughes M.R., McNagny K.M., Kim H. Platelet signaling at the nexus of innate immunity and rheumatoid arthritis. Front. Immunol. 2022;13:977828. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977828

Khan H.A., Haseeb Khan S., Tayyab Z., Saif S., Khan S.N., Musaddiq S. Association of red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e56908. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56908

Журавлева Ю.А., Гусев Е.Ю. Взаимосвязь системной воспалительной реакции и гиперкоагуляции у пациентов с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями. Мед. иммунол. 2023;25(5):1059–1064. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-RBS-2817.

Zhuravleva Yu.A., Gusev E.Yu. Relationship between systemic inflammatory response and hypercoagulation in patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Meditsinskaya immunologiya = Medical Immunology. 2023;25(5):1059–1064 [In Russian]. doi: 10.15789/1563-0625-RBS-2817

Xue M., Shen K., McKelvey K., Li J., Chan Y.K., Hatzis V., March L., Little C.B., Tonkin M., Jackson C.J. Endothelial protein C receptor-associated invasiveness of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts is likely driven by group V secretory phospholipase A2. Arthritis. Res. Ther. 2014;16(1):R44. doi: 10.1186/ar4473

Liu X., Huo Y., Zhao J., Wang G., Liu H., Yin F., Pang C., Wang Y., Bai L. Endothelial cell protein C receptor regulates neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated rheumatoid arthritis disease progression. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2022;112:109249. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109249

Xue M., Lin H., Lynch T., Bereza-Malcolm L., Sinnathurai P., Thomas R., Keen H., Hill C., Lester S., Wechalekar M., March L. Exploring the association between circulating endothelial protein C receptor and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis in a pilot study. Rheumatol. Adv. Pract. 2024;8(3):rkae096. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkae096

Bai L., Liu W., Guo P., Bai J., Liu Y., Hua Y., Pang C., Zhang W., Yin F., Wang Y. Elevated levels of soluble Endothelial protein C receptor in rheumatoid arthritis and block the therapeutic effect of protein C in collagen-induced arthritis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2020;81:106255. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106255

Xue M., Lin H., Liang H.P.H., Bereza-Malcolm L., Lynch T., Sinnathurai P., Weiler H., Jackson C., March L. EPCR deficiency ameliorates inflammatory arthritis in mice by suppressing the activation and migration of T cells and dendritic cells. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024;63(2):571–580. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead230

Пешкова А.Д., Евдокимова Т.А., Сибгатуллин Т.Б., Атауллаханов Ф.И., Литвинов Р.И. Изменения параметров тромбодинамики и контракции сгустков крови у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практ. ревматол. 2020;58(3):294–303. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2020-294-303.

Peshkova A.D., Evdokimova T.A., Sibgatullin T.B., Ataullakhanov F.I., Litvinov R.I. Changes in the parameters of thrombodynamics and blood clot contraction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(3):294–303 [In Russian]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2020-294-303

Bezuidenhout J.A., Venter C., Roberts T.J., Tarr G., Kell D.B., Pretorius E.. Detection of citrullinated fibrin in plasma clots of rheumatoid arthritis patients and its relation to altered structural clot properties, disease-related inflammation and prothrombotic tendency. Front. Immunol. 2020;11:577523. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577523

Page M.J., Thomson G.J.A., Nunes J.M., Engelbrecht A.M., Nell T.A., de Villiers W.J.S., de Beer M.C., Engelbrecht L., Kell D.B., Pretorius E. Serum amyloid A binds to fibrin(ogen), promoting fibrin amyloid formation. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):3102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39056-x

Fernández J.A., Deguchi H., Elias D.J., Griffin J.H. Serum amyloid A4 is a procoagulant apolipoprotein that it is elevated in venous thrombosis patients. Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost. 2019;4(2):217–223. doi: 10.1002/rth2.12291

Gimbrone M.A. Jr., García-Cardeña G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ. Res. 2016;118(4):620–636. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301

Singh V., Kaur R., Kumari P., Pasricha C., Singh R. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1: Gatekeepers in various inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2023;548:117487. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117487

Troncoso M.F., Ortiz-Quintero J., Garrido-Moreno V., Sanhueza-Olivares F., Guerrero-Moncayo A., Chiong M., Castro P.F., García L., Gabrielli L., Corbalán R., Garrido-Olivares L., Lavandero S. VCAM-1 as a predictor biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis. Dis. 2021;1867(9):166170. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166170

He S., Yao L., Li J. Role of MCP-1/CCR2 axis in renal fibrosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic targeting. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(42):e35613. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035613

Bassiouni W., Ali M.A.M., Schulz R. Multifunctional intracellular matrix metalloproteinases: implications in disease. FEBS J. 2021;288(24):7162– 7182. doi: 10.1111/febs.15701

Kim S.Y., Solomon D.H., Li J., Franklin J.M., Glynn R.J., Schneeweiss S. Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: initiating disease-modifying Antirheumatic drugs. Am. J. Med. 2015;128(5):539.e7–539.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.025

Chen C.P., Kung P.T., Chou W.Y., Tsai W.C. Effect of introducing biologics to patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the risk of venous thromboembolism: a nationwide cohort study. Sci. Rep. 2021;11(1):17009. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-96508-z

den Broeder A.A., Joosten L.A., Saxne T., Heinegård D., Fenner H., Miltenburg A.M., Frasa W.L., van Tits L.J., Buurman W.A., van Riel P.L., van de Putte L.B., Barrera P. Long term anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: effect on radiological course and prognostic value of markers of cartilage turnover and endothelial activation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2002;61(4):311–318. doi: 10.1136/ard.61.4.311

Gonzalez-Gay M.A., Garcia-Unzueta M.T., De Matias J.M., Gonzalez-Juanatey C., Garcia-Porrua C., Sanchez-Andrade A., Martin J., Llorca J. Influence of anti-TNF-alpha infliximab therapy on adhesion molecules associated with atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2006;24(4):373–379.

Klimiuk P.A., Sierakowski S., Domyslawska I., Chwiecko J. Effect of etanercept on serum levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin) and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 2009;38(6):439–444. doi: 10.3109/03009740903079321

Kerekes G., Soltész P., Szucs G., Szamosi S., Dér H., Szabó Z., Csáthy L., Váncsa A., Szodoray P., Szegedi G., Szekanecz Z. Effects of adalimumab treatment on vascular disease associated with early rheumatoid arthritis. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 2011;13(3):147–152.

Князева Л.А., Мещерина Н.С. Влияние терапии инфликсимабом на уровень иммунологических маркеров кардиоваскулярного риска и ремоделирование артериального русла у больных ревматоидным артритом. Курск. науч.-практ. вестн. «Человек и его здоровье». 2012;(4):49–55.

Knyazeva L.A., Meshcherina N.S. Impact of infliximab treatment on the level of immunological markers of cardiovascular risk and arterial vasculature remodelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kurskiy nauchno-prakticheskiy vestnik “Chelovek i yego zdorov’ye” = Kursk Scientific and Practical Bulletin “Man and His Health”. 2012;(4):49–55. [In Russian].

Szeremeta A., Jura-Półtorak A., Zoń-Giebel A., Olczyk K., Komosińska-Vassev K. TNF-α inhibitors in combination with MTX reduce circulating levels of heparan sulfate/heparin and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers (sVCAM-1, MCP-1, MMP-9 and ADMA) in women with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11(14):4213. doi: 10.3390/jcm11144213

Manfredi A.A., Baldini M., Camera M., Baldissera E., Brambilla M., Peretti G., Maseri A., Rovere-Querini P., Tremoli E., Sabbadini M.G., Maugeri N. Anti-TNFα agents curb platelet activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2016;75(8):1511–1520. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208442

Agirbasli M., Inanc N., Baykan O.A., Direskeneli H. The effects of TNF alpha inhibition on plasma fibrinolytic balance in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatical disorders. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2006;24(5):580–583.

Ingegnoli F., Fantini F., Favalli E.G., Soldi A., Griffini S., Galbiati V., Meroni P.L., Cugno M. Inflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade. J. Autoimmun. 2008;31(2):175–179. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2008.07.002

Ingegnoli F., Fantini F., Griffini S., Soldi A., Meroni P.L., Cugno M. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy normalizes fibrinolysis impairment in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2010;28(2):254–247.

Князева Л.А., Мещерина Н.С. Иммунологические и васкулярные эффекты ритуксимаба при ревматоидном артрите. Астрах. мед. ж. 2013;8(1):122–127.

Knyazeva L.A., Meshcherina N.S. Immunological and vascular effects of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Astrakhanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Astrakhan Medical Journal. 2013; 8(1):122–127. [In Russian].

Hsue P.Y., Scherzer R., Grunfeld C., Imboden J., Wu Y., Del Puerto G., Nitta E., Shigenaga J., Schnell Heringer A., Ganz P., Graf J. Depletion of B-cells with rituximab improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Am. Heart. Assoc. 2014;3(5):e001267. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001267

Jin T., Bokarewa M., Amu S., Tarkowski A. Impact of short-term therapies with biologics on prothrombotic biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2009;27(3):491–494.

100

Gabay C., Burmester G.R., Strand V., Msihid J., Zilberstein M., Kimura T., van Hoogstraten H, Boklage S.H., Sadeh J., Graham N.M.H., Boyapati A. Sarilumab and adalimumab differential effects on bone remodelling and cardiovascular risk biomarkers, and predictions of treatment outcomes. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2020;22(1):70. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02163-6

101

Makrilakis K., Fragiadaki K., Smith J., Sfikakis P.P., Kitas G.D. Interrelated reduction of chemerin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis after interleukin-6 receptor blockade. Clin. Rheumatol. 2015;34(3):419–427. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2704-1

102

Gualtierotti R., Ingegnoli F., Griffini S., Grovetti E., Meroni P.L., Cugno M. Prothrombotic biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the beneficial effect of IL-6 receptor blockade. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 2016;34(3):451–458.

103

Gualtierotti R., Ingegnoli F., Boscolo M., Griffini S., Grovetti E., Cugno M. Tocilizumab effects on coagulation factor XIII in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Adv. Ther. 2019;36(12):3494–3502. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-01118-x

104

Imamura H., Momohara S., Yano K., Sakuma Y., Nakayama M., Tobimatsu H., Ikari K. Tocilizumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is associated with reduced fibrinogen levels and increased blood loss after total knee arthroplasty. Mod. Rheumatol. 2018;28(6):976–980. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1428041

105

An Q., Ma R., Yuan D., Huang J., Luo J., Wang Y., Pan Y., Wang P., Lv X., Pu D., He L. Clinical observation of hypofibrinogenemia induced by the treatment of tocilizumab in rheumatic diseases and exploration of risk factor for hypofibrinogenemia. Clin. Rheumatol. 2024;43(5):1491–1501. doi: 10.1007/s10067-024-06937-0

106

Dijkshoorn B., Hansildaar R., Vedder D., Soutari N., Rudin A., Nordström D., Gudbjornsson B., Lend K., Uhlig T., Haavardsholm E.A., … Nurmohamed M.T. Impaired coagulation parameters in early RA are restored by effective antirheumatic therapy: a prospective pilot study. RMD Open. 2024;10(4):e004838. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2024-004838

107

Ikonomidis I., Lekakis J.P., Nikolaou M., Paraskevaidis I., Andreadou I., Kaplanoglou T., Katsimbri P., Skarantavos G., Soucacos P.N., Kremastinos D.T. Inhibition of interleukin-1 by anakinra improves vascular and left ventricular function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2008;117(20):2662–2669. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.731877

108

Dwivedi R.C., Dhindsa N., Krokhin O.V., Cortens J., Wilkins J.A., El-Gabalawy H.S. The effects of infliximab therapy on the serum proteome of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis. Res. Ther. 2009;11(2):R32. doi: 10.1186/ar2637

109

Makol A., Grover M., Guggenheim C., Hassouna H. Etanercept and venous thromboembolism: a case series. J. Med. Case Rep. 2010;4:12. doi: 10.1186/1752-1947-4-12

110

Roy M., Rathore H., Roy A.K. Pulmonary embolism in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis on etanercept therapy. J. Community. Hosp. Intern. Med. Perspect. 2024;14(1):39–42. doi: 10.55729/2000-9666.1294

111

Davies R., Galloway J.B., Watson K.D. Lunt M., Symmons D.P., Hyrich K.L. Venous thrombotic events are not increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2011;70(10):1831–1834. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.153536

112

Aghdashi M.A., Khadir M., Dinparasti-Saleh R. Antinuclear antibodies and lupus-like manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients at 4 months’ follow-up after treatment with infliximab and etanercept. Curr. Rheumatol. Rev. 2020;16(1):61–66. doi: 10.2174/157339711566619050 6152729

113

Jonsdottir T., Forslid J., van Vollenhoven A., Harju A., Brannemark S., Klareskog L., van Vollenhoven R.F. Treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists in patients with rheumatoid arthritis induces anticardiolipin antibodies. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2004;63(9):1075–1078. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.018093

114

Virupannavar S., Brandau A., Guggenheim C., Laird-Fick H. Possible association of etanercept, venous thrombosis, and induction of antiphospholipid syndrome. Case Rep. Rheumatol. 2014;2014:801072. doi: 10.1155/2014/801072

115

Korswagen L.A., Bartelds G.M., Krieckaert C.L. Turkstra F., Nurmohamed M.T., van Schaardenburg D., Wijbrandts C.A., Tak P.P., Lems W.F., Dijkmans B.A., van Vugt R.M., Wolbink G.J. Venous and arterial thromboembolic events in adalimumab-treatedpatients with antiadalimumab antibodies: a case series and cohort study. Arthr. Rheum. 2011;63(4):877–883. doi: 10.1002/art.30209

116

Sepriano A., Kerschbaumer A., Smolen J.S., van der Heijde D., Dougados M., van Vollenhoven R., McInnes I.B., Bijlsma J.W., Burmester G.R., de Wit M., Falzon L., Landewé R. Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2019 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2020;79(6):760–770. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216653

117

Choy E.H., de Benedetti F., Takeuchi T., Hashizume M., John M.R., Kishimoto T. Translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 2020;16(6):335–345. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0419-z

118

Salemi R., Gattuso G., Tomasello B., Lavoro A., Gaudio A., Libra M., Signorelli S.S., Candido S. Co-occurrence of interleukin-6 receptor Asp358Ala variant and high plasma levels of IL-6: an evidence of IL-6 trans-signaling activation in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) patients. Biomolecules. 2022;12(5):681. doi: 10.3390/biom12050681

119

Zhang H., Dhalla N.S. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024;25(2):1082. doi: 10.3390/ijms25021082

120

Watanabe H., Mokuda S., Tokunaga T., Kohno H., Ishitoku M., Araki K., Sugimoto T., Yoshida Y., Yamamoto T., Matsumoto M., … Sugiyama E. Expression of factor XIII originating from synovial fibroblasts and macrophages induced by interleukin-6 signaling. Inflamm. Regen. 2023;43(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s41232-022-00252-4

121

Kleveland O., Kunszt G., Bratlie M., Ueland T., Broch K., Holte E., Michelsen A.E., Bendz B., Amundsen B.H., Espevik T., … Gullestad L. Effect of a single dose of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab on inflammation and troponin T release in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Eur. Heart. J. 2016;37(30):2406–2413. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw171

122

Knopp T., Jung R., Wild J., Bochenek M.L., Efentakis P., Lehmann A., Bieler T., Garlapati V., Richter C., Molitor M., … Karbach S. Myeloid cell-derived interleukin-6 induces vascular dysfunction and vascular and systemic inflammation. Eur. Heart. J. Open. 2024;4(4):oeae046. doi: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae046

123

124

Matsuoka M., Majima T., Onodera T., Ieko M., Souri M., Ichinose A., Kurita T., Kasahara Y., Inoue M., Takahashi D. Hemorrhagic-acquired factor XIII deficiency associated with tocilizumab for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int. J. Hematol. 2012;96(6):781– 785. doi: 10.1007/s12185-012-1191-x

125

Mokuda S., Murata Y., Sawada N., Matoba K., Yamada A., Onishi M., Okuda Y., Jouyama K., Sugiyama E., Takasugi K. Tocilizumab induced acquired factor XIII deficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e69944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069944

126

Souri M., Mokuda S., Inanami H., Osaki T., Takasugi K., Ichinose A. Non-autoimmune combined factor XIII A and B subunit deficiencies in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (tocilizumab). Thromb. Res. 2016;140:100–105. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.02.026

127

Ruiz-Limón P., Ortega R., Arias de la Rosa I., Abalos-Aguilera M.D.C., Perez-Sanchez C., JimenezGomez Y., Peralbo-Santaella E., Font P., Ruiz-Vilches D., Ferrin G., … Barbarroja N. Tocilizumab improves the proatherothrombotic profile of rheumatoid arthritis patients modulating endothelial dysfunction, NETosis, and inflammation. Transl. Res. 2017;183:87–103. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.003

128

He T., Ling J., Yang J. Tocilizumab-induced hypofibrinogenemia in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Sci. Rep. 2023;13(1):9050. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36246-6

129

Üsküdar Cansu D., Demirtaş E., Andiç N., Üsküdar Teke H., Korkmaz C. Is it required to routinely check fibrinogen level in patients with rheumatic diseases on tocilizumab? Case-based review. Rheumatol. Int. 2019;39(4):743–750. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04268-x

130

Schuhmann M.K., Langhauser F., Kraft P., Kleinschnitz C. B cells do not have a major pathophysiologic role in acute ischemic stroke in mice. J. Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12974- 017-0890-x

131

Bodhankar S., Chen Y., Vandenbark A.A., Murphy S.J., Offner H. Treatment of experimental stroke with IL-10-producing B-cells reduces infarct size and peripheral and CNS inflammation in wild-type Bcell-sufficient mice. Metab. Brain Dis. 2014;29(1):59– 73. doi: 10.1007/s11011-013-9474-3

132

Zhang Y., Jiang Y., Zou Y., Fan Y., Feng P., Fu X., Li K., Zhang J., Dong Y., Yan S., Zhang Y. Peripheral blood CD19 positive B lymphocytes increase after ischemic stroke and correlate with carotid atherosclerosis. Front. Neurol. 2023;14:1308041. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1308041

133

Ait-Oufella H., Herbin O., Bouaziz J.D., Binder C.J., Uyttenhove C., Laurans L., Taleb S., van Vré E., Esposito B., Vilar J., … Mallat Z. B cell depletion reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice. J. Exp. Med. 2010;207(8):1579–1587. doi: 10.1084/jem.20100155

134

Watanabe M., Sangawa A., Sasaki Y., Yamashita M., Tanaka-Shintani M., Shintaku M., Ishikawa Y. Distribution of inflammatory cells in adventitia changed with advancing atherosclerosis of human coronary artery. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 2007;14(6):325–331. doi: 10.5551/jat.e489

135

Aubry M.C., Riehle D.L., Edwards W.D., Maradit-Kremers H., Roger V.L., Sebo T.J., Gabriel S.E. B-Lymphocytes in plaque and adventitia of coronary arteries in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis and coronary atherosclerosis: preliminary observations. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 2004;13(4):233–236. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2004.02.005

136

Kyaw T., Tay C., Khan A., Dumouchel V., Cao A., To K., Kehry M., Dunn R., Agrotis A., Tipping P., Bobik A., Toh B.H. Conventional B2 B cell depletion ameliorates whereas its adoptive transfer aggravates atherosclerosis. J. Immunol. 2010;185(7):4410–4419. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000033

137

Huang Y.J., Han L., Li J., Chen C. Acquired coagulation dysfunction resulting from vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiency associated with rheumatoid arthritis: A case report. World. J. Clin. Cases. 2022;10(1):236–241. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v10. i1.236

138

Shah S., Tseng M., Durojaiye A. A rare case of acquired factor VIII deficiency in an elderly male with a history of rheumatoid arthritis. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e44169. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44169

139

Ghozlani I., Mounach A., Ghazi M., Kherrab A., Niamane R. Targeting acquired hemophilia a with rheumatoid arthritis by a rituximab shot: a case report and review of the literature. Am. J. Case Rep. 2018;19:582–588. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.908854

140

Yudhishdran J., Sivakumar J., Navinan M.R., Bandapatti S. Rituximab induced acute thrombocytopenia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report. J. Med. Case Rep. 2021;15(1):339. doi: 10.1186/s13256-021-02950-y

141

Endo Y., Koga T., Ishida M., Fujita Y., Tsuji S., Takatani A., Shimizu T., Sumiyoshi R., Igawa T., Umeda M., … Kawakami A. Rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Intern. Med. 2018;57(15):2247–2250. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0335-17

142

Jiang Y., Song J., Wang N., Yuan D., Feng L., Qu H., Fan J. Rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia in patients with splenomegaly B Cell lymphoma: an underdiagnosed but severe complication. Cancer. Biol. Ther. 2020;21(11):1060–1066. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1832017

143

Chaurasiya P.S., Khatri A., Gurung S., Karki S., Shahi S., Aryal L. Rituximab for acute plasma-refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report. Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond). 2022;82:104789. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104789

144

Song F., Al-Samkari H. Management of adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): A review on current guidance and experience from clinical practice. J. Blood. Med. 2021;12:653–664. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S259101.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.