<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250505</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2437</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Околоназальные пазухи и полость носа по данным компьютерной томографии в зависимости от формы черепа, пола и возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity dimensions determined by computed tomography in relation to skull shape, sex and age</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гридина Татьяна Андреевна</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Gridina</p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.gridina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-5930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деревцова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derevtsova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Деревцова Светлана Николаевна, д.м.н.</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Derevtsova, doctor of medicai sciences</p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">derevzova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-1182</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романенко Александр Александрович, к.м.н.</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Romanenko, candidate of medicai sciences</p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanenko21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гридина Т.А., Деревцова С.Н., Романенко А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гридина Т.А., Деревцова С.Н., Романенко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gridina T.A., Derevtsova S.N., Romanenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2437">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2437</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящий обзор литературы посвящен изучению размеров околоназальных синусов и полости носа, определенных с помощью компьютерной томографии, в зависимости от формы черепа (мезокефалы, долихокефалы, брахикефалы), пола и возраста. Основные краниотипы – мезокефалия, долихокефалия и брахикефалия ‒ формируют морфологические особенности черепа, которые непосредственно отражаются на анатомии носовой полости и синусов. Изучение морфометрических характеристик околоносовых пазух (верхнечелюстных пазух, лобных, решетчатых, клиновидных пазух) и полости носа (длина полости носа, ширина, высота хоан, длина и ширина средней и нижней носовых раковин) в зависимости от краниотипа, половой принадлежности и возраста является важным направлением современной анатомии, антропологии и клинической морфологии. Одним из ключевых аспектов этих исследований служит выявление анатомических размеров полости носа, придаточных синусов носа и корреляции этих параметров между собой в зависимости от индивидуальных антропометрических характеристик. Рассматриваются анатомические и физиологические особенности синусов, их взаимосвязь с морфологией черепа, а также половые и возрастные различия. Проанализированы современные исследования с целью выявления пробелов в изучении анатомических вариаций околоносовых пазух и полости носа с учетом краниотипа, пола и возраста, что может позволить значительно расширить представления об их морфологической изменчивости. Рассмотрены визуализационные технологии ‒ один из наиболее информативных инструментов для изучения морфологии околоносовых пазух.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review is devoted to the study of the sizes of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, determined by computed tomography, depending on the shape of the skull (megacephalic, dolichocephalic, brachycephalic), gender and age. The main craniotypes – mesocephaly, dolichocephaly and brachycephaly – form the morphological features of the skull, which are directly reflected in the anatomy of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The study of the morphometric characteristics of the paranasal sinuses (maxillary sinuses, frontal, latticed, sphenoid sinuses) and the nasal cavity (length of the nasal cavity, width, height of the choana, length and width of the middle and lower nasal concha) depending on craniotype, gender and age is an important area of modern anatomy, anthropology and clinical morphology. One of the key aspects of these studies is the identification of the anatomical dimensions of the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses of the nose and the correlation of these parameters with each other depending on individual anthropometric characteristics. The anatomical and physiological features of the sinuses, their relationship with the morphology of the skull, as well as sex and age differences are considered. Modern investigations were analyzed to identify gaps in the study of anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity, taking into account craniotype, gender and age, which can significantly expand the understanding of their morphological variability. Visualization technologies are considered ‒ one of the most informative tools for studying the morphology of the paranasal sinuses.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>околоносовые синусы</kwd><kwd>полость носа</kwd><kwd>мезокефалы</kwd><kwd>долихокефалы</kwd><kwd>брахикефалы</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perinasal sinuses</kwd><kwd>nasal cavity</kwd><kwd>megacephalic</kwd><kwd>dolichocephalic</kwd><kwd>brachycephalic</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пежемский Д.В., Федорчук О.А. К проблеме корреляционных взаимосвязей общих размеров черепа человека. Вестн. МГУ. Сер. 23: Антропология. 2020;(2):126–137. doi: 10.32521/2074-8132.2020.2.126-137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pezhemsky D.V., Fedorchuk O.A. To the problem of correlation relationships of the craniometric traits of a human cranium. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 23: Antropologiya = The Moscow University Вulletin. Series 23: Antropologia. 2020;(2):126–137. [In Russian]. doi: 10.32521/2074-8132.2020.2.126-137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Туманова А.В., Перепелкин А.И., Краюшкин А.И., Краюшкин А.А. Взаимосвязь анатомических структур черепа. Наука и образование в глобальных процессах. 2015;1(2):7–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tumanova A.V., Perepelkin A.I., Krayushkin A.I., Krayushkin A.A. The relationship of the anatomical structures of the skull. Nauka i obrazovanie v global’’nykh protsessakh = Science and education in global processes. 2015;1(2):7–13. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farhan N., Naqvi S.U., Rasheed B., Sattar A., Khan M., Rahim A, Murtaza G. Identification of significant anatomical variations in the nose and anterior skull base using computed tomography: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8449. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8449</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farhan N., Naqvi S.U., Rasheed B., Sattar A., Khan M., Rahim A, Murtaza G. Identification of significant anatomical variations in the nose and anterior skull base using computed tomography: a cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8449. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8449</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сахаутдинова Р.Р. Изменчивость наружного основания черепа. Здоровье и образ. в XXI в. 2011;13(8):356–357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakhautdinova R.R. Variation in the outer base of the skull. Zdorov’ye i obrazovanie v XXI veke = Health and Education in the 21st Century. 2011;13(8):356– 357. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гелашвили П.А., Супильников А.А., Исламова Э.Ш. Применение конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии (КЛКТ) как метода прижизненной краниометрии в интегративной антропологии. Вестн. мед. ин-та «РЕАВИЗ». 2016;(1):130–140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelashvili P.A., Supilnikov A.A., Islamova E.Sh. Application of cone-bean computed tomography (CBCT) as a method of the lifetime craniometry in integrative anthropology. Vestnik meditsinskogo instituta “REAVIZ”: reabilitatsiya, vrach i zdorov’ye = Bulletin of the Medical Institute “REAVIZ”: Rehabilitation, Physician and Health. 2016;(1):130–140. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.H., Park J.T. Three-dimensional CBCT based evaluation of the maxillary sinus by facial index. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(9):5040. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.H., Park J.T. Three-dimensional CBCT based evaluation of the maxillary sinus by facial index. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(9):5040. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиева С.А., Гусейнов Б.М. Асимметрия размеров «верхнего веера» у взрослых людей с различной формой лицевого черепа. Ж. анатомии и гистопатол. 2018;7(1):9–13. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-9-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alieva S.A., Guseynov B.M. Asymmetry of the “upper fan” size in adults with different forms of the facial skull. Zhurnal anatomii i gistopatologii = Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2018;7(1):9–13. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-9-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бровяков П.И., Колесников Г.А., Демин В.А. Размеры верхнечелюстной пазухи и степень их корреляции с краниофациальными параметрами. Студенческая наука и медицина XXI века: традиции, инновации и приоритеты. С82 SMART: Samara Medical Articles: сб. тр. конф., Самара, 12 апреля 2023 г. Самара: Стандарт, 2024. С. 707–709.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brovyakov P.I., Kolesnikov G.A., Demin V.A. The size of the maxillary sinus and the degree of their correlation with craniofacial parameters. Student science and medicine of the XXI century: traditions, innovations and priorities. C82 SMART: proc. conf., Samara, April 12, 2023. Samara: Standard, 2024. 707– 709. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alsowey A.M., Abdulmonaem G., Elsammak A., Fouad Y. Diagnostic performance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosis of sinus variations. Pol. J. Radiol. 2017;82:713–725. doi: 10.12659/PJR.903684</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alsowey A.M., Abdulmonaem G., Elsammak A., Fouad Y. Diagnostic performance of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in diagnosis of sinus variations. Pol. J. Radiol. 2017;82:713–725. doi: 10.12659/PJR.903684</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркеева М.В., Куделина В.Н. Корреляционные взаимосвязи размеров решетчатого лабиринта с размерами лицевого черепа. Бюл. мед. интернет-конф. 2016;6(5):772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markeeva M.V., Kudelina V.N. Correlation relationships between the dimensions of the ethmoid labyrinth and the dimensions of the facial skull. Byulleten’ meditsinskikh internet-konferentsiy = Bulletin of Medical Internet Conferences. 2016;6(5):772. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева В.В., Лупырь А.В., Юревич Н.А., Назарян Р.С., Гаргин В.В. Значение анатомической изменчивости верхнечелюстной пазухи и компонентов остиомеатального комплекса для проведения оперативного лечения. Новости хирургии. 2019;27(2):168–176. doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2019.2.168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva V., Lupyr A., Yurevich N., Nazaryan R., Gargin V. Significance of anatomical variations of maxillary sinus and ostiomeatal components complex in surgical treatment of sinusitis. Novosti khirurgii = News of Surgery. 2019;27(2):168–176. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2019.2.168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойко Н.В., Колесников В.Н., Быкова В.В. Особенности строения нижних носовых раковин. Таврич. мед.-биол. вестн. 2017;20(3-3):33–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boiko N.V., Kolesnikov V.N., Bykova V.V. Peculiarities of inferior nasal turbinates’ structure. Tavricheskiy medico-biologicheskiy vestnik = Tauric Medico-Biological Bulletin. 2017;20(3-3):33–36. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луцай Е.Д., Кирксова Л.С., Аникин М.И., Муртазина Н.И., Найденова С.И., Непрокина А.В. Современные представления о развитии и строении носовой полости человека. Мед. вестн. Башкортостана. 2021;16(1):132–138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutsay E.D., Kirksova L.S., Anikin M.I., Murtazina N.I., Naidenova S.I., Neprokina A.V. Modern concepts of the human nasal cavity development and structure. Meditsinskiy vestnik Bashkortostana = Medical Herald of Bashkrtostan. 2021;16(1):132–138. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неронов Р.В., Гайворонский А.И., Гайворонский И.В., Ничипорук Г.И. Особенности строения внутриносовых структур при различных формах полости носа по данным компьютерной томографии. Морфол. ведомости. 2022;30(2):40–47. doi: 10.20340/mv-mn.2022.30(2).607</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neronov R.V., Gaivoronsky A.I., Gaivoronsky I.V., Nichiporuk G.I. Features of the structure of intranasal structures at different forms of the nose cavity according to the data of computed tomography. Morfologicheskiye vedomosti = Morphological Newsletter. 2022;30(2):40–47. [In Russian]. doi: 10.20340/mv-mn.2022.30(2).607</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Неронов Р.В., Гайворонский А.И. Особенности строения лепто-, мезо- и платикавитальной полости носа. Рос. оторино-ларингол. 2016;(5):72–79. doi: 10.18692/1810-4800-2016-5-72-79</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neronov R.V., Gaivoronsky A.I. The specific features of lepto-, meso- and platyforms of nasal cavity. Rossiyskaya otorinolaringologiya = Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2016;(5):72–79. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18692/1810-4800-2016-5-72-79</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каплунова О.А., Кузнецов И.И., Сапиев А.А., Филиппов П.В. Объем околоносовых пазух и результаты краниометрии. Междунар. студен. науч. вестн. 2017;(3):45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplunova O.A., Kuznetsov I.I., Sapiev A.A., Filippov P.V. The volume of paranasal sinuses and the results of craniometry. Mezhdunarodnyy studencheskiy nauchnyy vestnik = International Student Scientific Bulletin. 2017;(3):45. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гелашвили П.А., Супильников А.А., Исламова Э.Ш., Юхимец С.Н. Прижизненные параметры решетчатой кости как характеристика клинической анатомии полости носа. Оренбург. мед. вестн. 2016;IV(3-1):20–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelashvili P.A., Supilnikov A.A., Islamova E.Sh., Yukhimets S.N. Lifetime parameters of the ethmoid bone as the characteristic clinical anatomy of the nasal cavity. Orenburgskiy meditsinskiy vestnik = Orenburg Medical Bulletin. 2016;IV(3-1):20–23. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamalova M.I., Khidirov Z.E., Abduraimov Z.A. Anatomical features of the nose and nasal cavity. Am. J. Med. Sci. Pharmaceut. Res. 2022;04(03):46– 50. doi: 10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue03-09</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamalova M.I., Khidirov Z.E., Abduraimov Z.A. Anatomical features of the nose and nasal cavity. Am. J. Med. Sci. Pharmaceut. Res. 2022;04(03):46– 50. doi: 10.37547/tajmspr/volume04issue03-09</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербаков Д.А., Забурева Е.М., Екимова А.Е. Вариантная анатомия носослезного канала по отношению к структурам полости носа. Унив. мед. Урала. 2016;2(3):47–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov D.A., Zabureva E.M., Ekimova A.E. Variant anatomy of the nasolacrimal canal in relation to the structures of the nasal cavity. Universitetskaya meditsina Urala = University Medicine of the Urals. 2016;2(3):47–49. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алешкина О.Ю., Кучмин В.Н., Мареев О.В., Мареев Г.О. Возрастно-половая изменчивость объема и площади лобной пазухи по данным компьютерной краниометрии. Изв. вузов. Поволж. регион. Мед. науки. 2018;(4):5–11. doi: 10.21685/2072-3032-2018-4-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleshkina O.Yu., Kuchmin V.N., Mareev O.V., Mareev G.O. Age and sex variability of volume and area of frontal sinuses based on computer craniometry. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Meditsinskiye nauki = University Proceedings. Volga Region. Medical Sciences. 2018;(4):5–11. [In Russian]. doi: 10.21685/2072-3032-2018-4-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barros F., Fernandes C.M.D.S., Kuhnen B., Scarso Filho J., Gonçalves M., Gonçalves V., Serra M.D.C. Three-dimensional analysis of the maxillary sinus according to sex, age, skin color, and nutritional status: A study with live Brazilian subjects using cone-beam computed tomography. Arch. Oral Biol. 2022;139:105435. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105435</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barros F., Fernandes C.M.D.S., Kuhnen B., Scarso Filho J., Gonçalves M., Gonçalves V., Serra M.D.C. Three-dimensional analysis of the maxillary sinus according to sex, age, skin color, and nutritional status: A study with live Brazilian subjects using cone-beam computed tomography. Arch. Oral Biol. 2022;139:105435. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105435</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dahl R., Mygind N. Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1998;29(1-2):3–12. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00058-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dahl R., Mygind N. Anatomy, physiology and function of the nasal cavities in health and disease. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1998;29(1-2):3–12. doi: 10.1016/s0169-409x(97)00058-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Славнов А.А., Девятириков Д.А., Путалова И.Н., Сусло А.П., Сапронова А.Н., Пьянникова В.А. Морфометрические параметры клиновидной пазухи разных типов пневматизации и полости носа у мужчин зрелого возраста. Ж. анатомии и гистопатол. 2023;12(3):79–85. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-3-79-85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slavnov A.A., Devyatirikov D.A., Putalova I.N., Suslo A.P., Sapronova A.N., Piannikova V.A. Morphometric parameters of the sphenoid sinus with different types of pneumatization and nasal cavity in mature men. Zhurnal anatomii i gistopatologii = Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2023;12(3):79–85. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-3-79-85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зелева О.В., Зельтер П.М., Колсанов А.В., Пышкина Ю.С., Крамм Е.К. Анатомические особенности клиновидной пазухи по данным компьютерной томографии: типы строения, соотношение с верхнечелюстными пазухами. Рос. мед.-биол. вестн. 2021;29(1):13–20. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ202129113-20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeleva O.V., Zelter P.M., Kolsanov A.V., Pyshkina Yu.S., Kramm E.K. Anatomical peculiarities of the sphenoidal sinus based on computed tomography data: structural types and correlation with maxillary sinuses. Rossiyskiy mediko-biologicheskiy vestnik imeni akademika Ivana Petrovicha Pavlova = I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2021;29(1):13–20. [In Russian]. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ202129113-20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chmielewski P.P. Clinical anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and its terminology. Anat. Sci. Int. 2024;99(4):454–460. doi: 10.1007/s12565-023-00745-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chmielewski P.P. Clinical anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and its terminology. Anat. Sci. Int. 2024;99(4):454–460. doi: 10.1007/s12565-023-00745-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабак С.Л., Саврасова Н.А., Мельниченко Ю.М., Журавлева Н.В., Мехтиев Р.С. Морфометрическая характеристика верхнечелюстной пазухи взрослых людей по данным конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии. Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия медицинских наук. 2021;18(1):7–15. doi: 10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-1-7-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabak S.L., Savrasova N.A., Melnichenko Yu.M., Zhuravleva N.V., Mekhtiev R.S. Morphometric study of the adult maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography. Vesci Nacyanalʹnay akademii navuk Belarusi. Seryya medytsynskikh navuk = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical Series. 2021;18(1):7–15. [In Russian]. doi: 10.29235/1814-6023-2021-18-1-7-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Походенько-Чудакова И.О., Вилькицкая К.В., Полякова Н.И. Метод определения объема верхнечелюстного синуса с использованием программы CT Counter по данным конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии. БГМУ в авангарде медицинской науки и практики: сб. тр. конф., вып. 5. Минск, 2015. С. 167–169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pokhoden’ko-Chudakova I.O., Vil’kitskaya K.V., Polyakova N.I. Method for determining the volume of the maxillary sinus using the CT counter program based on cone-beam computed tomography data. BSMU at the Forefront of Medical Science and Practice: proc. conf., Issue 5. Minsk, 2015. P. 167–169. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Супильников А.А., Гелашвили П.А., Юхимец С.Н., Исламова Э.Ш. Анатомо-метрические характеристики верхнечелюстных пазух взрослых лиц, полученные при использовании конуснолучевой компьютерной томографии. Вестн. мед. ин-та «РЕАВИЗ». 2017;(1):21–24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Supilnikov A.A., Gelashvili P.A., Yukhimets S.N., Islamova E.Sh. Anatomometric characteristics of the maxillary sinuses of adults, obtained with the use of cone-beam computed tomography. Vestnik meditsinskogo instituta «REAVIZ»: reabilitatsiya, vrach i zdorov’ye = Bulletin of the Medical Institute «REAVIZ»: Rehabilitation, Physician and Health. 2017;(1):21–24. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вилькицкая К.В., Полякова Н.И. Анатомотопографические особенности строения синуса верхней челюсти по данным конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии. Актуальные проблемы медицины: сб. тр. конф., Гродно, 28–29 января 2016 г. Гродно: Гродненский ГМУ, 2016. С. 84–87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vil’kitskaya K.V., Polyakova N.I. Anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the maxillary sinus according to cone-beam computed tomography. Actual problems of medicine: proc. conf.,, Grodno, January 28–29, 2016. Grodno: Grodno State Medical University, 2016. P. 84–87. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Щербаков Д.А., Крюков А.И., Красножен В.Н., Хукуматшоев А.И., Каримова А.И. Некоторые морфометрические показатели верхнечелюстной пазухи в норме. Вестн. оториноларингол. 2017;82(4):44–47. doi: 10.17116/otorino201782444-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shcherbakov D.A., Kryukov A.I., Krasnozhen V.N., Khukumatshoev A.I., Karimova A.I. The anatomical substantiation of the surgical approaches to the maxillary sinus. Vestnik otorinolaringologii = Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology. 2017;82(4):44–47. [In Russian]. doi: 10.17116/otorino201782444-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papadopoulou A.M., Chrysikos D., Samolis A., Tsakotos G., Troupis T. Anatomical variations of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: a systematic review. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12727. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12727</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papadopoulou A.M., Chrysikos D., Samolis A., Tsakotos G., Troupis T. Anatomical variations of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: a systematic review. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12727. doi: 10.7759/cureus.12727</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beale T.J., Madani G., Morley S.J. Imaging of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: normal anatomy and clinically relevant anatomical variants. Semin. Ultrasound CT MR. 2009;30(1):2–16. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2008.10.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beale T.J., Madani G., Morley S.J. Imaging of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity: normal anatomy and clinically relevant anatomical variants. Semin. Ultrasound CT MR. 2009;30(1):2–16. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2008.10.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christoloukas N., Mitsea A., Rontogianni A., Angelopoulos C. Gender determination based on CBCT maxillary sinus analysis: a systematic review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(23):3536. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13233536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christoloukas N., Mitsea A., Rontogianni A., Angelopoulos C. Gender determination based on CBCT maxillary sinus analysis: a systematic review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(23):3536. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13233536</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гелашвили П.А., Супильников А.А., Исламова Э.Ш., Юхимец С.Н. Методика определения параметров околоносовых пазух при прижизненной краниометрии методом конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии (КЛКТ). Вестн. мед. ин-та «РЕАВИЗ». 2016;(2):163–169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelashvili P.A., Supilnikov A.A., Islamova E.Sh., Yukhimets S.N. Paranasal sinuses parameters measurement procedure in the context of intravital cephalometry using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Vestnik meditsinskogo instituta «REAVIZ»: reabilitatsiya, vrach i zdorov’ye = Bulletin of the Medical Institute «REAVIZ»: Rehabilitation, Physician and Health. 2016;(2):163–169. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jasso-Ramírez N.G., Elizondo-Omaña R.E., Treviño-González J.L., Quiroga-Garza A., Garza-Rico I.A., Aguilar-Morales K., Elizondo-Riojas G., Guzmán-Lopez S. Morphometric variants of the paranasal sinuses in a Mexican population: expected changes according to age and gender. Folia Morphol. (Warsz). 2023;82(2):339–345. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jasso-Ramírez N.G., Elizondo-Omaña R.E., Treviño-González J.L., Quiroga-Garza A., GarzaRico I.A., Aguilar-Morales K., Elizondo-Riojas G., Guzmán-Lopez S. Morphometric variants of the paranasal sinuses in a Mexican population: expected changes according to age and gender. Folia Morphol. (Warsz). 2023;82(2):339–345. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hung K., Montalvao C., Yeung A.W.K., Li G., Bornstein M.M. Frequency, location, and morphology of accessory maxillary sinus ostia: a retrospective study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2020;42(2):219–228. doi: 10.1007/s00276-019-02308-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hung K., Montalvao C., Yeung A.W.K., Li G., Bornstein M.M. Frequency, location, and morphology of accessory maxillary sinus ostia: a retrospective study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Surg. Radiol. Anat. 2020;42(2):219–228. doi: 10.1007/s00276-019-02308-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучмин В.Н., Мареев О.В., Мареев Г.О., Луцевич С.И., Сакулина Л.Б. Компьютерная визуализация лобных пазух в краниологическом аспекте и возможности ее клинического применения. Бюл. мед. интернет-конф. 2016;6(5):761–762.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchmin V.N., Mareev O.V., Mareev G.O., Lutsevich S.I., Sakulina L.B. Computer visualization of the frontal sinuses in chronological aspect and possibilities of its clinical application. Byulleten’ meditsinskikh internet-konferentsiy = Bulletin of Medical Internet Conferences. 2016;6(5):761–762. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вилькицкая К.В., Полякова Н.И. Особенности строения верхнечелюстного синуса и его слизистой оболочки по данным конуснолучевой компьютерной томографии. Евраз. союз учен. 2015;(6-4):19–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vil’kitskaya K.V., Polyakova N.I. Features of the structure of the maxillary sinus and its mucous membrane according to cone-beam computed tomography. Yevraziyskiy soyuz uchenykh = Eurasian Union of Scientists. 2015;(6-4):19–23.[In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urooge A., Patil B.A. Sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus: a morphometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017;11(3):ZC67–ZC70. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25159.9584</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urooge A., Patil B.A. Sexual dimorphism of maxillary sinus: a morphometric analysis using cone beam computed tomography. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017;11(3):ZC67–ZC70. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/25159.9584</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahlstrand-Johnson P., Jannert M., Strömbeck A., Abul-Kasim K. Computed tomography measurements of different dimensions of maxillary and frontal sinuses. BMC Med. Imaging. 2011;11:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2342-11-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahlstrand-Johnson P., Jannert M., Strömbeck A., Abul-Kasim K. Computed tomography measurements of different dimensions of maxillary and frontal sinuses. BMC Med. Imaging. 2011;11:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2342-11-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиева С.А., Шадлинский В.Б., Мовсумов Н.Т. Половые особенности асимметрии краниометрических показателей при различных формах лицевого черепа. Морфолог. ведомости. 2019;27(4):9–15. doi: 10.20340/mv-mn.19(27).04.9-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alieva S.A., Shadlinsky V.B., Movsumov N.T. Sex-related features of the asymmetry of craniometrics parameters in various forms of the facial skull. Morfologicheskiye vedomosti = Morphological Newsletter. 2019;27(4):9–15. [In Russian]. doi: 10.20340/mvmn.19(27).04.9-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркеева М.В., Алешкина О.Ю., Тарасова Н.В., Гайворонский И.В. Анатомические особенности строения решетчатого лабиринта и структур полости носа в детском возрасте. Вестн. Рос. воен.-мед. акад. 2020;22(4):95–99. doi: 10.17816/brmma62813</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markeeva M.V., Aleshkina O.Yu., Tarasova N.V., Gaivoronskiy I.V. Anatomycal features of the ethmoidal labyrinth and nasal cavity structures in childhood. Vestnik Rossiyskoy voyenno-meditsinskoy akademii = Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2020;22(4):95–99. [In Russian]. doi: 10.17816/brmma62813</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Товмасян А.С., Чумаков П.Л., Крюков А.И., Кишиневский А.Е., Яновский В.В., Шведов Н.В., Рамазанов С.Р. Вариабельность анатомических размеров полости носа, влияющих на оптимизацию формы внутриносовых сплинтов. Рос. ринол. 2023;31(2):98–104. doi: 10.17116/rosrino20233102198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tovmasyan A.S., Chumakov P.L., Kryukov A.I., Kishinevskiy A.E., Yanovsky V.V., Shvedov N.V., Ramazanov S.R. Variability of the nasal cavity’s anatomical dimensions affecting the optimization of the intranasal shapes of splints. Rossiyskaya rinologiya = Russian Rhinology. 2023;31(2):98–104. [In Russian]. doi: 10.17116/rosrino20233102198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heuzé Y. What does nasal cavity size tell us about functional nasal airways? Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris. 2019;31(1- 2):69–76. doi: 10.12466/bmsap-2018-0011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heuzé Y. What does nasal cavity size tell us about functional nasal airways? Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d’anthropologie de Paris. 2019;31(1- 2):69–76. doi: 10.12466/bmsap-2018-0011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holton N., Yokley T., Butaric L. The morphological interaction between the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses in living humans. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken). 2013;296(3):414–426. doi: 10.1002/ar.22655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holton N., Yokley T., Butaric L. The morphological interaction between the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses in living humans. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken). 2013;296(3):414–426. doi: 10.1002/ar.22655</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cellina M., Gibelli D., Cappella A., Martinenghi C., Belloni E., Oliva G. Nasal cavities and the nasal septum: Anatomical variants and assessment of features with computed tomography. Neuroradiol. J. 2020;33(4):340–347. doi: 10.1177/1971400920913763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cellina M., Gibelli D., Cappella A., Martinenghi C., Belloni E., Oliva G. Nasal cavities and the nasal septum: Anatomical variants and assessment of features with computed tomography. Neuroradiol. J. 2020;33(4):340–347. doi: 10.1177/1971400920913763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпищенко С.А., Зубарева А.А., Чибисова М.А., Шавгулидзе М.А. Современные возможности высокотехнологичных цифровых методов исследования при решении вопросов дифференциальной диагностики и тактики лечения больных с рино-одонтогенной инфекцией лицевого отдела головы. Луч. диагност. и терапия. 2014;4(5):6–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpishchenko S.A., Zubareva A.A., Chibisova M.A., Shavgulidze M.A. Modern possibilities of high-tech digital methods in differential diagnosis and treatment tactics decisions in patients with rhino- and odontogenic infection of facial region. Luchevaya diagnostika i terapiya = Diagnostic Radiology and Radiotherapy. 2014;4(5):6–17. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пажинский Л.В., Гайворонский И.В., Гайворонский А.В. Вариантная анатомия полости носа у больных хроническим риносинуситом. Электрон. науч. ж. 2016;1(4):68–78. doi: 10.18534/ enj.2016.01.68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pazhinskiy L.V., Gayvoronskiy I.V., Gayvoronskiy A.V. Variant anatomy of the nasal cavity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal = Electronic scientific journal. 2016;1(4):68– 78. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18534/enj.2016.01.68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пискунов И.С., Бойко Н.В., Колесников В.Н. Особенности анатомического строения нижних носовых раковин. Рос. ринол. 2017;25(3):10–15. doi: 10.17116/rosrino201725310-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piskuvov I.S., Boiko N.V., Kolesnikov V.N. The peculiar features of the anatomical structure of the inferior turbinated bone. Rossiyskaya rinologiya = Russian Rhinology. 2017;25(3):10–15. [In Russian]. doi: 10.17116/rosrino201725310-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavruk H., Öztürk B. Investigation of age and gender effects on the middle ear with wideband tympanometry in adults. Ear Hear. 2024;45(2):476–485. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavruk H., Öztürk B. Investigation of age and gender effects on the middle ear with wideband tympanometry in adults. Ear Hear. 2024;45(2):476–485. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркеева М.В., Алешкина О.Ю., Тарасова Н.В., Сырова О.В. Возрастная изменчивость ширины носовых ходов по данным краниометрии. Морфолог. ведомости. 2020;28(3):21–27. doi: 10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(3)21-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markeeva M.V., Alyoshkina O.Yu., Tarasova N.V., Syrova O.V. Age-related variability of the width of the nasal meatuses according to data of the craniometry. Morfologicheskie vedomosti = Morphological Newsletter. 2020;28(3):21–27. [In Russian]. doi: 10.20340/mv-mn.2020.28(3)21-27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Джамалудинов Ю.А., Маркеева М.В., Тарасова Н.В., Алешкина О.Ю. Возрастная изменчивость параметров полости носа у детейи юношей в клиническом аспекте. Вестн. Дагестанской гос. мед. акад. 2022;4(45):43–50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jamaludinov Yu.A., Markeeva M.V., Tarasova N.V., Aleshkina O.Yu. Age-related variability of nasal cavity parameters in children and young men in the clinical aspect. Vestnik Dagestanskoy gosudarstvennoy meditsinskoy akademii = Bulletin of the Dagestan State Medical Academy. 2022;4(45):43–50. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яшина И.Н., Подкопаева Д.С., Рыбалко Д.Ю., Колоколова А.А. Вариабельность анатомии лобной пазухи у мужчин по данным рентгеновской компьютерной томографии. Ж. анатомии и гистопатол. 2019;8(4):60–65. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-4-60-65</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yashina I.N., Podkopaeva D.S., Rybalko D.Yu., Kolokolova A.A. Anatomical variability of the frontal sinus in men based on X-ray computed tomography findings. Zhurnal anatomii i gistopatologii = Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology. 2019;8(4):60–65. [In Russian]. doi: 10.18499/2225-7357-2019-8-4-60-65</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карвальхо Ю.М., Якометти В., Франко А., Да Силва Р.Х.А., Силва Р.Ф. Применение посмертной компьютерной томографии черепа с целью идентификации человека на основании морфологии лобных синусов. Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. 2019;9(4):170–176. doi: 10.21569/2222-7415-2019-9-4-170-176</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalkho Yu.M., Jacometti V., Franco A., Da Silva R.Kh.A., Silva R.F. Postmortem computed tomography of the skull for human identification based on the morphology of frontal sinuses. Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. 2019;9(4):170–176. [In Russian]. doi: 10.21569/2222-7415-2019-9-4-170-176</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abate A., Gaffuri F., Lanteri V., Fama A., Ugolini A., Mannina L., Maspero C. A CBCT based analysis of the correlation between volumetric morphology of the frontal sinuses and the facial growth pattern in caucasian subjects. A cross-sectional study. Head Face Med. 2022;18(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13005-022-00308-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abate A., Gaffuri F., Lanteri V., Fama A., Ugolini A., Mannina L., Maspero C. A CBCT based analysis of the correlation between volumetric morphology of the frontal sinuses and the facial growth pattern in caucasian subjects. A cross-sectional study. Head Face Med. 2022;18(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13005-022-00308-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sosonna L., Yurevych N., Lupyr M., Babiy L., Kysylenko K., Kachailo I., Narbutova T., Borisenko Y., Baiazitov D., Alekseeva V. Variant anatomy of the maxillary sinus based on multispiral computed tomography data. Georgian Med. News. 2024;(350):49–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sosonna L., Yurevych N., Lupyr M., Babiy L., Kysylenko K., Kachailo I., Narbutova T., Borisenko Y., Baiazitov D., Alekseeva V. Variant anatomy of the maxillary sinus based on multispiral computed tomography data. Georgian Med. News. 2024;(350):49–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turna O., Aybar M.D., Karagoz Y., Tuzcu G. Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinus region: evaluation with multidetector CT. Istanbul Med. J. 2014;15(2):104–109. doi: 10.5152/imj.2014.74429</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turna O., Aybar M.D., Karagoz Y., Tuzcu G. Anatomic variations of the paranasal sinus region: evaluation with multidetector CT. Istanbul Med. J. 2014;15(2):104–109. doi: 10.5152/imj.2014.74429</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харламов А.А., Панин А.М., Васильев А.Ю., Вишняков В.В., Серова Н.С. Оценка информативности методики цифровой объемной томографии для диагностики состояния верхнечелюстных синусов. Эндодонтия Today. 2011;(1):19–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharlamov A.A., Panin A.M., Vasilyev A.Yu., Vishnyakov V.V., Serova N.S. The diagnostic significance of digital volume tomography for judging the maxillary sinus performance. Endodontija Today = Endodontics Today. 2011;(1):19–23. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давыдов Д.В., Лежнев Д.А., Дутова М.О. Мультисрезовая компьютерная томография как метод выбора визуализации структур носа. Анналы пласт., реконструктив. и эстетич. хирургии. 2018;4:77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davydov D.V., Lezhnev D.A., Dutova M.O. Multisection computed tomography as a method of choosing the visualization of nasal structures. Annaly plasticheskoi, rekonstruktivnoi i esteticheskoi khirurgii = Annals of plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. 2018;4:77. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pukhlik S.M., Buchatsky M.S. Методика ультразвукового сканирования верхнечелюстной и лобной пазух. Curierul Medical. 2014;(2):28–33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pukhlik S.M., Buchatsky M.S. Method of ultrasonic scanning of maxillary and frontal sinuses. Curierul Medical. 2014;(2):28–33. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лежнев Д.А., Давыдов Д.В., Дутова М.О. Возможности мультисрезовой компьютерной томографии в антропометрии наружного носа. Acta Biomed. Sci. 2018;3(6):121–125. doi: 10.29413/ ABS.2018-3.6.17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lezhnev D.A., Davydov D.V., Dutova M.O. The possibilities of multislice computed tomography in nasal anthropometry. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2018;3(6):121–125. [In Russian]. doi: 10.29413/ ABS.2018-3.6.17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матчин А.А., Мац А.А. Компьютерная томография в изучении прижизненной анатомии полости носа и околоносовых пазух. Велес. 2020;(7):50–56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matchin A.A., Mats A.A. Computed tomography in the intravital anatomy investigation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Veles. 2020;(7):50–56. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
