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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250415</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOMEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистологические изменения легких и показатели инфекционного процесса у морских свинок при моделировании SARS-CoV-2инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histological changes in the lungs and viral load indicators of guinea pigs in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1201-8307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиповалов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipovalov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шиповалов Андрей Владимирович</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Shipovalov</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shipovalov_av@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-7040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудров</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudrov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудров Глеб Александрович</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gleb A. Kudrov</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kudrov_ga@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1194-7219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивлева</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivleva</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивлева Елена Константиновна</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Ivleva</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivleva_ek@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2028-6099</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омигов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omigov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омигов Владимир Вилорьевич, к.м.н.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Omigov, candidate of medical sciences</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">omigov_vv@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3340-8750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пьянков</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyankov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пьянков Олег Викторович, к.б.н.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Pyankov, candidate of biological sciences</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pyankov_ov@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-5212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайковская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaykovskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайковская Анна Владимировна, к.б.н.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Zaykovskaya, candidate of biological sciences</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaykovskaya_av@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-3817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боднев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bodnev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боднев Сергей Александрович, к.м.н.</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Bodnev, candidate of medical sciences</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bodnev_sa@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-338X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шульгина</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulgina</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шульгина Ирина Сергеевна</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Shulgina</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shulgina_is@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8525-5883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савченко Сергей Владимирович, д.м.н.</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, Красный пр., 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Savchenko, doctor of medical sciences</p><p>630091, Novosibirsk, Krasny ave., 52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.serg62@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-3569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицингер</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsinger</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Грицингер Валентина Александровна, к.м.н.</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, Красный пр., 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina A. Gritsinger, candidate of medical sciences</p><p>630091, Novosibirsk, Krasny ave., 52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.gritcinger@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6746-8092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таранов Олег Святославович</p><p>630559, Новосибирская обл., р.п. Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Taranov</p><p>630559, Novosibirsk region, Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taranov_os@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айдагулова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aidagulova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айдагулова Светлана Владимировна, д.б.н.</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, Красный пр., 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Aidagulova, doctor of biological sciences</p><p>630091, Novosibirsk, Krasny ave., 52</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">asvetvlad@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>140</fpage><lpage>150</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шиповалов А.В., Кудров Г.А., Ивлева Е.К., Омигов В.В., Пьянков О.В., Зайковская А.В., Боднев С.А., Шульгина И.С., Савченко С.В., Грицингер В.А., Таранов О.С., Айдагулова С.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шиповалов А.В., Кудров Г.А., Ивлева Е.К., Омигов В.В., Пьянков О.В., Зайковская А.В., Боднев С.А., Шульгина И.С., Савченко С.В., Грицингер В.А., Таранов О.С., Айдагулова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shipovalov A.V., Kudrov G.A., Ivleva E.K., Omigov V.V., Pyankov O.V., Zaykovskaya A.V., Bodnev S.A., Shulgina I.S., Savchenko S.V., Gritsinger V.A., Taranov O.S., Aidagulova S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2348">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2348</self-uri><abstract><p>Лабораторные животные позволяют моделировать инфекционные заболевания для изучения патогенеза и проведения испытаний лекарственных средств. Создание животных моделей, наиболее точно воспроизводящих COVID-19, перспективно для оценки эффективности препаратов и вакцин в отношении вируса SARS-CoV-2. Цель работы – изучение гистологических изменений легких и других показателей инфекционного процесса при моделировании COVID-19 на морских свинках как виде лабораторных животных, восприимчивых к вирусу SARS-CoV-2.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В эксперименте использовали 12 морских свинок обоего пола, инфицированных геновариантом альфа SARS-CoV-2. Динамику вирусной нагрузки определяли в назальных смывах по ОТ-ПЦР; содержание антител к SARS-CoV-2 в сыворотке крови измеряли методом твердофазного ИФА; титр нейтрализующих антител оценивали в реакции нейтрализации на культуре клеток Vero Е6. Для сравнения исследовано 12 аутопсий легких пациентов, инфицированных SARS-CoV-2 (подтверждено результатом ПЦР-анализа) и погибших в результате пневмонии. Структурные изменения легких аутопсийных и экспериментальных образцов изучали на парафиновых срезах, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После интраназального заражения геновариантом альфа SARS-CoV-2 в дозе 4lg ТЦД50 (доза, инфицирующая 50 % культуры клеток с цитопатическим действием в 50 % клеток монослоя) в носовой полости и легких морских свинок выявлен низкий уровень вирусной нагрузки с высокими темпами элиминации. На третьи и пятые сутки у самцов в образцах назальных смывов вирусная нагрузка была более высокой (р &lt; 0,05), позже седьмых суток РНК вируса не определялась. В сыворотке крови морских свинок на 15-е сутки были обнаружены антитела к SARS-CoV-2. При титре нейтрализующих антител 1:100 для всех животных у самок показатели коэффициента позитивности были в 2 раза выше. У павших и выведенных на 15-е сутки из эксперимента животных регистрировали гистологически подтвержденную тяжелую вирусную пневмонию, аналогичную изменениям в аутопсийном материале пациентов с COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Гистологические изменения легких морских свинок при моделировании SARS-CoV-2-инфекции свидетельствуют о восприимчивости данного вида животных к изучаемому возбудителю с воспроизведением заболевания у пациентов, что позволяет рассматривать их как перспективную животную модель COVID-19 для разработки средств профилактики и лечения заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory animals allow modeling infectious diseases to study pathogenesis and conduct drug trials. The creation of animal models that most accurately reproduce COVID-19 is promising for assessing the effectiveness of drugs and vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The aim is to study the histological changes in the lungs and the other indicators of the infectious process in modeling COVID-19 in guinea pigs as a type of laboratory animals susceptible to SARSCoV-2 virus.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 12 guinea pigs of both sexes infected with SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant. The dynamics of the viral load was determined in nasal washes by RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2 antibody content in the blood serum were measured by ELISA; titers of neutralizing antibodies were estimated in the neutralization reaction in Vero E6 cell culture. As controls, 12 lung autopsies of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (confirmed by PCR analysis) and those who died as a result of pneumonia were studied. Structural changes in the lungs of autopsy and experimental samples were studied on paraffin sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant at a dose of 4 lg TCID50 (the dose infecting 50 % of the cell culture and causing cytopathic effect in 50 % of the cell monolayer), a low level of viral load with high rates of elimination was detected in the nasal cavity and lungs of guinea pigs. On days 3 and 5, the viral load in nasal swab samples was significantly higher in males (p &lt; 0.05). After 7 days, viral RNA was not detected in nasal swabs. Antibodies to SARSCoV-2 were detected in the blood serum of guinea pigs on the 15th day. With a neutralizing antibody titer of 1:100 for all animals, the positivity rate in females was 2 times higher. Histologically confirmed severe viral pneumonia was recorded in dead animals and at the end of the experiment, similar to changes in the autopsy material of patients with COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Histological changes in the lungs of guinea pigs during modeling of SARS-CoV-2 infection indicate the susceptibility of this animal species to the studied pathogen with reproduction of the disease in patients, which allows us to consider guinea pigs as a promising animal model for the study and prevention of COVID-19.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>морская свинка</kwd><kwd>модельное животное</kwd><kwd>легкие</kwd><kwd>гистологические изменения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>guinea pig</kwd><kwd>model animal</kwd><kwd>lungs</kwd><kwd>histological changes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li L., Shi K., Gu Y., Xu Z., Shu C., Li D., Sun J., Cong M., Li X., Zhao X., … Gao G.F. 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