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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250411</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности распределения псаммомных телец в шишковидной железе человека: новый подход к определению функциональной значимости кальцификатов эпифиза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of psammoma bodies distribution in the human pineal gland: a new approach to determining the functional significance of pineal gland calcifications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0048-2981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфиева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufieva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суфиева Дина Азатовна, к.б.н.</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12Д</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina A. Sufieva, candidate of biological sciences</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, Academika Pavlov st., 12D</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dinobrione@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0190-885X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федорова Елена Анатольевна, к.б.н.</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12Д</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Fedorova, candidate of biological sciences</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, Academika Pavlov st., 12D</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el-fedorova2014@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3535-7638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorev</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Игорь Павлович, к.б.н.</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12Д</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor P. Grigorev, candidate of biological sciences</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, Academika Pavlov st., 12D</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ipg-iem@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-8165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коржевский</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzhevskii</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коржевский Дмитрий Эдуардович, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Павлова, 12Д</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii E. Korzhevskii, doctor of medical sciences, professor</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, Academika Pavlov st., 12D</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ek2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экспериментальной медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Суфиева Д.А., Федорова Е.А., Григорьев И.П., Коржевский Д.Э., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Суфиева Д.А., Федорова Е.А., Григорьев И.П., Коржевский Д.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sufieva D.A., Fedorova E.A., Grigorev I.P., Korzhevskii D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2344">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2344</self-uri><abstract><p>Эпифиз мозга – нейроэндокринная железа, синхронизирующая функциональную активность внутренних органов со световым режимом с помощью гормона мелатонина, который активно высвобождается в кровеносное русло ночью. Мелатонин синтезируется пинеалоцитами, основной клеточной популяцией эпифиза, помимо которых встречаются также клетки астроглии, микроглии и тучные клетки. Кроме того, в эпифизе встречаются псаммомные тельца (кальцификаты), функциональная значимость которых и механизмы образования не определены. Цель данного исследования состояла в изучении встречаемости кальцификатов в разных отделах эпифиза человека (паренхима, соединительнотканные трабекулы и капсула) и описании взаиморасположения кальцификатов с глиальными клетками и их отростками, тучными клетками, а также кровеносными сосудами и нервными волокнами с использованием соответствующих иммуногистохимических реакций.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Для иммуногистохимического исследования использовались антитела к глиальному фибриллярному кислому белку (GFAP), виментину, двум маркерам микроглии (Iba-1 и TMEM119), триптазе тучных клеток, тирозингидроксилазе и фактору фон Виллебранда.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что кальцификаты располагаются преимущественно в центральной части эпифиза, в дольках среди пинеалоцитов, их количество и размер увеличиваются в период от молодого к среднему возрасту. Отростки астроглиальных клеток (в основном GFAP-, но не виментин-содержащих) плотно оплетают псаммомные тельца. Не обнаружено какой-либо взаимосвязи расположения кальциевых конкрементов относительно кровеносных сосудов, тирозингидроксилаза-иммунореактивных нервных волокон, микроглиоцитов или тучных клеток. Не наблюдалось превалирования активированной микроглии и дегранулирующих мастоцитов. Впервые выявлены тирозингидроксилаза-иммунореактивные нервные проводники в эпифизе человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что псаммомные тельца являются нормальным и, по-видимому, обязательными компонентами эпифиза взрослого человека, образование которых связано с пинеалоцитами и/или астроцитами, но не с кровеносными сосудами, нервными волокнами, микроглией или тучными клетками. Возможная функциональная роль кальцификатов в эпифизе человека может быть связана с функциональной активностью пинеалоцитов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland that synchronizes the functional activity of body organs with the light regime using the hormone melatonin, which is actively released into the bloodstream at night. Melatonin is synthesized by pinealocytes, the main cell population of the pineal gland, in addition to which there are also astroglia, microglia, and mast cells. Besides, the pineal gland contains psammoma bodies (calcifications), the functional significance of which and the mechanisms of formation have not been determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of calcifications in different parts of the human pineal gland (parenchyma, connective tissue trabeculae and capsule) and to describe the relationship of calcifications with astroglial cells and their processes, microgliocytes, mast cells, as well as blood vessels and nerve fibers using appropriate immunohistochemical reactions.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. For immunohistochemical examination, antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, two microglia markers (Iba-1 and TMEM119), mast cell tryptase, tyrosine hydroxylase and von Willebrand factor were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Our study revealed calcifications mainly in the central part of the pineal gland, in the lobules among pinealocytes, with their number and size being increased from young to middle age. Processes of astroglial (mainly GFAP-, but not vimentin-containing) cells tightly envelop psammoma bodies. No relationship was found between the location of calcium deposits and blood vessels, tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers, microgliocytes or mast cells. Prevalence of activated microglia and degranulating mast cells was not observed. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibers were identified for the first time in the human pineal gland.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that psammoma bodies are normal and, apparently, obligatory components of the adult human pineal gland, the formation of which is associated with pinealocytes and/or astrocytes, but not with blood vessels, nerve fibers, microglia or mast cells. The possible functional role of calcifications in the human pineal gland may be associated with the functional activity of pinealocytes.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпифиз</kwd><kwd>кальцификат</kwd><kwd>астроглия</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>тучная клетка</kwd><kwd>тирозингидроксилаза</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pineal gland</kwd><kwd>calcification</kwd><kwd>astroglia</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>mast cell</kwd><kwd>tyrosine hydroxylase</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины» (№ FGWG-2024-0015)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work is done in the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Experimental Medicine (No. FGWG-2024-0015)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суфиева Д.А., Федорова Е.А., Яковлев В.С., Григорьев И.П. 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