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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250306</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2232</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерные отличия плода и антропометрии матери: анализ влияния на массу новорожденного</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender differences in fetal growth and maternal anthropometry: аn analysis of their impact on newborn weight</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5641-0269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иутинский</surname><given-names>Э. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iutinsky</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Михайлович Иутинский, к. м. н.</p><p>610027; ул., Карла Маркса, 112; Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard M. Iutinsky, candidate of medical sciences</p><p>10027; Karla Marksa st., 11; Kirov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iutinskiy@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-0996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнов</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznov</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лев Михайлович Железнов, д. м. н., проф.</p><p>610027; ул., Карла Маркса, 112; Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lev M. Zheleznov, doctor of medical sciences, professor</p><p>10027; Karla Marksa st., 11; Kirov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@kirovgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-0447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворянский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvoryansky</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Афанасьевич Дворянский, д. м. н., проф.</p><p>610027; ул., Карла Маркса, 112; Киров</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Dvoryansky, doctor of medical sciences, professor</p><p>10027; Karla Marksa st., 11; Kirov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kf1@kirovgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кировский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kirov State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иутинский Э.М., Железнов Л.М., Дворянский С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иутинский Э.М., Железнов Л.М., Дворянский С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Iutinsky E.M., Zheleznov L.M., Dvoryansky S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2232">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2232</self-uri><abstract><p>   Антропометрические и фетометрические показатели плода, в том числе масса тела при рождении, тесно связаны с исходами беременности и состоянием здоровья новорожденного. Индекс массы тела (ИМТ) матери до зачатия существенно влияет на внутриутробное развитие, однако дифференциальные особенности роста мужских и женских плодов нередко остаются в стороне при анализе подобных данных. В то же время пол ребенка может вносить значимые коррективы в темпы роста, распределение мышечной и жировой ткани, а также в реакции на внешние факторы.</p><p>   Цель исследования – установить закономерности влияния пола плода на фетометрические показатели, включая массу новорожденного, с учетом антропометрических характеристик (ИМТ, рост) и региональных особенностей матери, для оптимизации перинатальной помощи и улучшения исходов беременности.</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. Проанализированы истории родов 5161 беременной, наблюдавшейся в Кировском областном клиническом перинатальном центре, оценены антропометрические показатели матерей (масса тела, рост, ИМТ до беременности) и фетометрические данные новорожденных (окружность головки, окружность груди, масса при рождении). Исследование было сплошным ретроспективным, с периодом наблюдения с 2016 по 2022 гг. С учетом критериев включения и исключения женщины были разделены на три группы по ИМТ до беременности: ниже нормы (&lt; 18,5 кг/м²), нормальный (18,5–24,9 кг/м²) и повышенный (25,0–29,9 кг/м²). Исключены беременные с ожирением (ИМТ ≥ 30 кг/м²). Дополнительно произведено стратифицированное разделение новорожденных по полу, чтобы оценить влияние пола ребенка на темпы внутриутробного роста.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Установлено, что в целом мальчики превосходят девочек по массе тела при рождении, окружности головки и окружности плеча, независимо от группы по ИМТ матери. При этом у женщин с ИМТ ниже нормы чаще рождались дети с меньшими фетометрическими показателями, но различия между мальчиками и девочками сохранялись и в этой категории. В группе нормального ИМТ у детей обоих полов отмечались оптимальные средние значения массы при рождении (около 3300 ± 400 г), но мальчики чаще превышали медианные значения. В группе матерей с повышенным ИМТ доля детей с массой тела &gt; 4000 г возрастала, и тут мальчики демонстрировали еще более высокие показатели. Статистически значимая разница в темпах роста между полами проявлялась как в различии средних значений массы, так и в более высокой доле крупных плодов среди мальчиков. Корреляционный анализ показал, что пол ребенка в совокупности с ИМТ матери до беременности и ростом матери существенно влияет на конечные фетометрические параметры.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Наряду с ИМТ женщины и ее ростом пол новорожденного влияет на фетометрические показатели, включая массу при рождении. Следовательно, при оказании перинатальной помощи, назначении диетических рекомендаций и планировании ведения беременности целесообразно учитывать не только антропометрию матери, но и потенциальные различия между мальчиками и девочками в темпах внутриутробного роста.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Anthropometric and fetometric parameters of the fetus, including birth weight, are closely related to pregnancy outcomes and the health status of the newborn. The maternal preconception body mass index (BMI) significantly influences on intrauterine development; however, differential growth characteristics between male and female fetuses are often overlooked in such analyses. At the same time, the child’s sex may significantly modify growth rates, the distribution of muscle and adipose tissue, as well as the response to external factors.</p><p>   Aim of the study was to determine the patterns of the influence of fetal sex on fetometric parameters, including birth weight, taking into account maternal anthropometric characteristics (BMI and height) and regional peculiarities, in order to optimize perinatal care and improve pregnancy outcomes.</p><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. Medical records of 5161 pregnant women treated at the Kirov Regional Clinical Perinatal Center were analyzed. The study considered maternal anthropometric data (body weight, height, preconception BMI) and fetometric data of the newborns (head circumference, abdominal circumference, birth weight). This retrospective study covered the period from 2016 to 2022. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, the women were divided into three groups according to their preconception BMI: below normal (&lt; 18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), and elevated (25.0–29.9 kg/m²). Pregnant women with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) were excluded. Additionally, a stratified analysis of the newborns by sex was conducted to assess the influence of fetal sex on intrauterine growth.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. It was found that, overall, male newborns exhibited higher birth weight, head circumference, and shoulder circumference compared to female newborns, regardless of the maternal BMI group. In the underweight group, infants with lower fetometric parameters were more frequently born; however, the differences between males and females persisted even in this category. In the normal BMI group, children of both sexes had optimal mean birth weights (approximately 3300 ± 400 g), yet male newborns more frequently exceeded the median values. In a group of mothers with elevated BMI group (25.0–29.9 kg/m²), the proportion of infants with a birth weight &gt; 4000 g increased, with male newborns showing even higher values. The statistically significant differences in growth rates between the sexes were evident both in the mean birth weight and in the higher proportion of large-for-gestational-age infants among males. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the combination of fetal sex with maternal preconception BMI and height significantly influences the final fetometric parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusions</title><p>   Conclusions. In addition to the maternal BMI and height, the newborn’s sex influences on fetometric parameters, including birth weight. Therefore, in perinatal care, in the formulation of dietary recommendations, and in planning the management of pregnancy, it is advisable to consider not only the maternal anthropometry but also the potential differences between male and female fetuses in intrauterine growth patterns.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>индекс массы тела</kwd><kwd>пол ребенка</kwd><kwd>масса при рождении</kwd><kwd>внутриутробный рост</kwd><kwd>фетометрия</kwd><kwd>перинатальные исходы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>body mass index</kwd><kwd>fetal sex</kwd><kwd>birth weight</kwd><kwd>intrauterine growth</kwd><kwd>fetometry</kwd><kwd>perinatal outcomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li T., He Y., Wang N., Feng C., Zhou P., Qi Y., Wang Z., Lin X., Mao D., Sun Z., … Zong G. 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