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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250208</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-2076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOMEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трехмерные модели плечевого сплетения как основа дополненной реальности и искусственных трансплантатов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Three-dimensional models of the brachial plexus as the basis of augmented reality and artificial transplants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4809-4491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Горбунов Николай Станиславович, д.м.н., проф.</p><p> 660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1 </p><p> 660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Nikolay S. Gorbunov, doctor of medical sciences, professor </p><p> 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1 </p><p> 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 3 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbunov_ns@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5209-182X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобер</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kober</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кобер Кристина Владимировна, к.м.н. </p><p>660133, г. Красноярск, ул. 1-я Смоленская, 16 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kristina V. Kober, candidate of medical sciences </p><p>660133, Krasnoyarsk, 1st Smolenskaya st., 16 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k-kober@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5988-1688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каспаров</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasparov</surname><given-names>E. W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каспаров Эдуард Вильямович, д.м.н., проф.</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 3 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard W. Kasparov, doctor of medical sciences, professor </p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 3 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rsimpn@scn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1462-7379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ростовцев</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rostovtsev</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ростовцев Сергей Иванович, д.м.н.</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Sergey I. Rostovtsev, doctor of medical sciences </p><p> 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rostovcev.1960@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-5425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>д Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбунов Дмитрий Николаевич, к.м.н.</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dmitry N. Gorbunov, candidate of medical sciences </p><p> 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dr_gorbunov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6580-0591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Дарья Николаевна</p><p>664003, г. Иркутск, ул. Красного Восстания, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya N. Lebedeva </p><p>664003, Irkutsk, Krasnogo Vosstaniya st., 1 </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bolonevadasha@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9852-0571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишаев</surname><given-names>Б. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishaev</surname><given-names>B. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никишаев Богдан Юрьевич</p><p>660022, г. Красноярск, ул. Партизана Железняка, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Bogdan Yu. Nikishaev </p><p>660022, Krasnoyarsk, Partizana Zheleznyaka st., 1 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okbovnik3@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России;&#13;
НИИ медицинских проблем Севера ФИЦ «Красноярский научный центр СО РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia;&#13;
Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский краевой клинический онкологический диспансер им. А.И. Крыжановского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after A.I. Kryzhanovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ медицинских проблем Севера ФИЦ «Красноярский научный центр СО РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North of Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Красноярский государственный медицинский университет им. проф. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунов Н.С., Кобер К.В., Каспаров Э.В., Ростовцев С.И., Горбунов д.Н., Лебедева Д.Н., Никишаев Б.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунов Н.С., Кобер К.В., Каспаров Э.В., Ростовцев С.И., Горбунов д.Н., Лебедева Д.Н., Никишаев Б.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunov N.S., Kober K.V., Kasparov E.W., Rostovtsev S.I., Gorbunov D.N., Lebedeva D.N., Nikishaev B.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2076">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2076</self-uri><abstract><p>При сложных травмах нервов верхней конечности во время операции в условиях дополненной реальности и при создании искусственных трансплантатов необходимы знания трехмерного строения плечевого сплетения. Целью настоящего исследования является разработка метода изготовления максимально детализированных и точных полых трехмерных моделей плечевого сплетения из фотополимерных смол.Материал и методы. С помощью разработанной методики препарированы и выделены все элементы правого плечевого сплетения у 10 трупов мужчин и женщин в возрасте 39–89 лет, выполнено 3D-сканирование, созданы цифровые модели и 3D-печать. Точность реконструкции проверили сравнительными измерениями электронным штангенциркулем диаметров элементов плечевого сплетения в идентичных местах у препаратов и трехмерных моделей. Полученные данные занесены в программу MS Excel 12.0, с помощью программы Statistica for Windows 12.0 проведен анализ сформированной базы данных.Результаты и их обсуждение. Разработанная методика 3D-печати позволила воспроизвести максимально точные модели плечевого сплетения со всеми элементами (5 спинномозговых нервов, 3 ствола, 6 разделений, 3 пучка и 15 нервов) в натуральную величину. Сравнительный качественный анализ показал, что созданные полые трехмерные модели обладают высоким структурным соответствием, улучшают восприятие глубины, подчеркивают пространственные взаимоотношения. Количественный анализ не обнаружил значимых различий диаметров элементов плечевого сплетения у исходных препаратов и трехмерных моделей. Разработанный метод и изготовленные на 3D-принтере модели позволяют выявить детализированные особенности строения плечевого сплетения на периневральном уровне. Заключение. Создание полного комплекта трехмерных моделей всех вариантов строения плечевого сплетения позволит оперировать в условиях дополненной реальности и повысить эффективность операций. Кроме того, проведенное исследование является основой для последующего изготовления биосовместимых и биоразлагаемых трансплантатов, которые позволят восстанавливать сложные повреждения нервов верхней конечности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In case of complex injuries to the nerves of the upper limb during surgery in augmented reality and when creating artificial transplants, knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the brachial plexus is necessary. The aim of this study is to develop a method for manufacturing maximally detailed and accurate hollow three-dimensional models of the brachial plexus from photopolymer resins. Material and methods. Using the developed technique, all elements of the right brachial plexus were dissected and isolated from 10 corpses of men and women aged 39–89 years, 3D scanning was performed, digital models were created, and 3D printing was performed. The accuracy of the reconstruction was checked by comparative measurements with an electronic vernier caliper of the diameters of the elements of the brachial plexus in identical places in preparations and three-dimensional models. The data obtained were entered into the MS Excel 12.0 program and the analysis of the generated database was carried out using the Statistica for Windows 12.0 0 program. Results and discussion. The developed 3D printing technique made it possible to reproduce the most accurate models of the brachial plexus with all elements (5 spinal nerves, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, 3 bundles and 15 nerves) in full size. A comparative qualitative analysis has shown that the created complete three-dimensional models have a high structural correspondence, improve depth perception, and emphasize spatial relationships. Quantitative analysis did not reveal significant differences in the diameters of the brachial plexus elements in the initial preparations and threedimensional models. The developed method and 3D-printed models make it possible to identify detailed features of the structure of the brachial plexus at the perineural level. Conclusions. Creating a complete set of three-dimensional models of all variants of the structure of the brachial plexus will allow you to operate in augmented reality and increase the efficiency of operations. The conducted research is also the basis for the subsequent manufacture of biocompatible and biodegradable transplants that will allow to repair complex nerve damage in the upper limb.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плечевое сплетение</kwd><kwd>трехмерные модели</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>искусственный трансплантат</kwd><kwd>дополненная реальность.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brachial plexus</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional models</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>artificial graft</kwd><kwd>augmented reality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tapp M., Wenzinger E., Tarabishy S., Ricci J., Herrera F.A. The epidemiology of upper extremity nerve injuries and associated cost in the us emergency departments. Ann. Plast. 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