sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250203sibmed-2069Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSКлетки пуповины и пуповинной крови, перспективные для биобанкирования: систематический обзорUmbilical cord and cord blood cells promising for biobankinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-5800КриштопВ. В.ChrishtopV. V.

Криштоп Владимир Владимирович, к.м.н.

194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6Ж 

Vladimir V. Chrishtop, candidate of medical sciences 

194044, Saint-Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva st., 6Zh 

chrishtop@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-9291-3268ЛобановаМ. И.LobanovaM. I.

 Лобанова Майя Ивановна, ORCID:  

119160, г. Москва, ул. Знаменка, 14 

Maya I. Lobanova 

119160, Moscow, Znamenka st., 14 

nm35vmg@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-5977ГлушаковР. И.GlushakovR. I.

Глушаков Руслан Иванович, д.м.н.

194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6Ж 

 Ruslan I. Glushakov, doctor of medical sciences 

194044, Saint-Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva st., 6Zh 

glushakoffruslan@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-7536СеменовА. А.SemenovA. A.

Семенов Алексей Анатольевич, к.м.н. 

194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6Ж199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7-9 

 Aleksey A. Semenov, candidate of medical sciences 

194044, Saint-Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva st., 6Zh 

199034, Saint-Petersburg, Universitetskaya emb., 7–9

semfeodosia82@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-5301ОвчинниковД. В.OvchinnikovD. V.

Овчинников Дмитрий Валерьевич, к.м.н.,  

194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6Ж 

 Dmitrii V. Ovchinnikov, candidate of medical sciences 

194044, Saint-Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva st., 6Zh 

dv.ovchinnikov-vma@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4555-953XАнисинА. В.AnisinA. V.

Анисин Алексей Владимирович, к.м.н.

194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6Ж 

 Aleksey V. Anisin, candidate of medical sciences 

194044, Saint-Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva st., 6Zh 

anisin.av@mail.ruВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова Минобороны РоссииРоссияKirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian FederationГлавное военно-медицинское управление Минобороны РоссииРоссияMain Military Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова Минобороны России; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияKirov Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation; Saint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation2025060520254523040Copyright © Криштоп В.В., Лобанова М.И., Глушаков Р.И., Семенов А.А., Овчинников Д.В., Анисин А.В., 20252025Криштоп В.В., Лобанова М.И., Глушаков Р.И., Семенов А.А., Овчинников Д.В., Анисин А.В.Chrishtop V.V., Lobanova M.I., Glushakov R.I., Semenov A.A., Ovchinnikov D.V., Anisin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2069

Биобанки создаются и функционируют в интересах государственной безопасности, лечения социально-значимых заболеваний. Высокая востребованность биобанкирования пуповины и пуповинной крови привела к возникновению специализированных структур – банков пуповинной крови. Цель исследования – систематизировать литературные данные о клеточном составе пуповины и пуповинной крови как объекте биобанкирования.Материал и методы. В обзор включены литературные источники, включающие данные о клеточном составе пуповины и пуповинной крови как объекте биобанкирования, представленные в базах данных eLibrary, PubMed, Scopus. Результаты и их обсуждение. Пуповинная кровь существенно отличается от крови новорожденного даже в первые часы его жизни. В состав пуповины и пуповинной крови входят стволовые клетки (мезенхимальные, гемопоэтические, нейральные, очень маленькие, похожие на эмбриональные (very small embryonic-like stem cells, VSELSC), эндотелиальные предшественники), дифференцированные клетки гематогенного дифферона (моноциты, гранулоциты, лимфоциты), а также секретируемые ими экзосомы. Дифференцированные клетки гематогенного дифферона отличаются снижением фагоцитарной и цитототоксической активности, что ассоциировано со способностью экзосом мононуклеаров ингибировать воспаление, пролиферацию клеток и продукцию цитокинов, а также способствовать переходу от фенотипа Th1 или Th17 к фенотипу T-регуляторных лимфоцитов. Пуповинная кровь является богатым источником Т-клеток с мощной супрессивной активностью. В зависимости от клетки-продуцента, экзосомы могут обладать разными модулирующими характеристиками. Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки пупочного канатика отличаются высоким клоногенным потенциалом, пролиферативной активностью и относительно низкой способностью дифференцироваться в сторону линии адипоцитов. Наличие нейральных стволовых клеток в пуповинной крови может объяснять высокую эффективность клеточной терапии повреждений нервной системы с использованием пуповины и пуповиной крови. Заключение. Биобанкирование клеток пуповины и пуповинной крови является перспективным направлением регенераторной медицины. Наибольшие перспективы в области клеточной терапии и производства экзосом открывает раздельная криоконсервация мезенхимальных, гемопоэтических, нейральных стволовых клеток и VSELSC. Источником дополнительной информации для развития направления может стать изучение естественного микроокружения стволовых клеток – лейкоцитов пуповинной крови, а также развитие прикладных аспектов биобанкирования пуповины и пуповиной крови и аннотирования клеточного состава биообразцов.

Biobanks are created and operate in the interests of state security and the treatment of socially significant diseases. The high demand for biobanking of umbilical cord and cord blood has led to the emergence of specialized structures – Umbilical Cord Blood Banks. The aim was to systematize the literature data on the cellular composition of the umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as an object of biobanking. Material and methods. The review includes literature sources containing data on the cellular composition of the umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as an object of biobanking, provided by the eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Results and discussion. Umbilical cord blood is significantly different from the blood of a newborn, even in the first hours of his life. The umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood contain stem cells (mesenchymal, hematopoietic, neural, very small embryonic-like, endothelial progenitors), differentiated cells of the hematogenous differon (monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes), as well as exosomes secreted by all of them. Differentiated cells of hematogenous differon are characterized by a decrease in phagocytic and cytotoxic activity, which is associated with the ability of mononuclear cell exosomes to inhibit inflammation, cell proliferation and cytokine production, and promote the transition from the Th1 or Th17 phenotype to the T-regulatory lymphocyte phenotype. Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of T cells with potent suppressive activity. Depending on the producing cell, exosomes may have different modulating characteristics. Mesenchymal stem cells of the umbilical cord are distinguished by high clonogenic potential, proliferative activity and a relatively low ability to differentiate towards the adipocyte lineage. The presence of neural stem cells in umbilical cord blood may explain the high effectiveness of cell therapy for damage to the nervous system using umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood. Conclusions. Biobanking of umbilical cord cells and umbilical cord blood is a promising area of regenerative medicine. The greatest prospects in the field of cell therapy and exosome production are opened by separate cryopreservation of mesenchymal, hematopoietic, neural and very small embryonic-like stem cells. A source of additional information for the development of this area can be the study of the natural microenvironment of stem cells - umbilical cord blood leukocytes, as well as the development of applied aspects of biobanking of umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood and annotation of the cellular composition of bio-samples.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.