sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250202sibmed-2068Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВклад микробиома кишечника в развитие аденокарциномы протоков поджелудочной железыContribution of gut microbiome to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma developmenthttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-1546-770XЗайцевД. В.ZaitsevD. V.

 Зайцев Даниил Васильевич

163069, г. Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51 

 Daniil V. Zaitsev 

 163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51 

zajcevdaniil951@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-7127-9209ТрухачеваЕ. С.TrukhachevaE. S.

Трухачева Елизавета Станиславовна

163069, г. Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51 

 Elizaveta S. Trukhacheva 

 163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51 

trukhacheva03@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6414-9870ДавидовичН. В.DavidovichN. V.

Давидович Наталия Валерьевна, к.м.н.

163069, г. Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51 

 Nataliya V. Davidovich, candidate of medical sciences 

 163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51 

nvdavidovich@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-1485КукалевскаяН. Н.KukalevskayaN. N.

 Кукалевская Наталья Николаевна  

163069, г. Архангельск, Троицкий пр., 51 

 Natalia N. Kukalevskaya 

 163069, Arkhangelsk, Troitsky ave., 51 

n.kukalevskaya@yandex.ruСеверный государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияNorthern State Medical University of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian Federation2025060520254521929Copyright © Зайцев Д.В., Трухачева Е.С., Давидович Н.В., Кукалевская Н.Н., 20252025Зайцев Д.В., Трухачева Е.С., Давидович Н.В., Кукалевская Н.Н.Zaitsev D.V., Trukhacheva E.S., Davidovich N.V., Kukalevskaya N.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2068

За последнее десятилетие достигнут значительный прогресс в понимании роли микробиоты как экосистемы, выполняющей функции отдельного органа в макроорганизме. Известно, что нарушения микрофлоры кишечника влияют на патогенез и прогрессирование многих заболеваний человека. В частности, при онкологических заболеваниях ЖКТ микробиота кишечника влияет на рост опухоли за счет дисбактериоза, высвобождения бактериальных токсинов и модулирования сигнальных путей клеток. Последние исследования свидетельствуют о том, что кишечный микробиом играет важную роль в патогенезе протоковой аденокарциномы поджелудочной железы, влияя на канцерогенез, иммунный ответ и эффективность лечения. К примеру, такие виды микроорганизмов, как Porphyromonas gingivalis и Fusobacterium nucleatum, участвуют в онкогенезе, модулируя микроокружение опухоли и стимулируя иммунные реакции, что способствует росту опухоли, метастазированию и устойчивости к терапии. Помимо этого, ранее было исследовано участие метаболитов кинуренинового пути (кинуренина, хинолиновой кислоты и 3-гидроксиантраниловой кислоты) в развитии рака. В настоящем обзоре предпринята попытка прояснить роль бактериальных метаболитов, таких как триметиламиноксид и липополисахарид, оказывающих влияние на противоопухолевый иммунитет, предлагая потенциальные мишени для усиления реакции на иммунотерапию. Внедрение результатов исследований микробиома в клиническую практику представляет собой развивающуюся область. Персонализированная терапия рака поджелудочной железы возможна благодаря пониманию микробиома и управлению им, что требует дальнейших исследований для разработки оптимальных терапевтических стратегий и оценки комбинированных подходов.

Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of microbiota as an ecosystem that functions as a separate organ in a macroorganism. It is known that disturbances in the intestinal microflora affect the pathogenesis and progression of many human diseases. In particular, in gastrointestinal oncology, the gut microbiota affects tumor growth due to dysbiosis, the release of bacterial toxins, and the modulation of cell signaling pathways. Recent studies indicate that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, affecting carcinogenesis, immune response, and treatment efficacy. For example, such microorganisms as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are involved in oncogenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment and stimulating immune responses, which promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. In addition, the involvement of kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenine, quinolinic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid) in cancer has been previously investigated. The current review attempts to clarify the role of bacterial metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide and lipopolysaccharide in influencing antitumor immunity, suggesting potential targets for enhancing the response to immunotherapy. Implementation of microbiome research findings into clinical practice is an emerging field. Personalized therapy for pancreatic cancer is possible through understanding and manipulating the microbiome, which requires further research to develop optimal therapeutic strategies and evaluate combination approaches.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.