sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20250201sibmed-2067Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSВлияние природно-климатических факторов на людей, проживающих в различных климатических условияхThe influence of natural and climatic factors on people living under different climatic conditionshttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-6037-0448АлександроваО. В.AleksandrovaO. V.

Александрова Ольга Валерьевна

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 

 Olga V. Aleksandrova 

 630089, Novosibirsk, Borisa Bogatkova st., 175/1 

olgav_aleks@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7875-1566АфанасьеваА. Д.AfanasevaA. D.

Афанасьева Алена Дмитриевна, к.м.н.

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 

Alena D. Afanaseva, candidate of medical sciences 

630089, Novosibirsk, Borisa Bogatkova st., 175/1 

alena.dmytryevna@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4936-8362РагиноЮ. И.RaginoYu. I.

Рагино Юлия Игоревна, д.м.н., проф., чл.-корр. РАН

630089, г. Новосибирск, ул. Бориса Богаткова, 175/1 

 Yuliya I. Ragino, doctor of medical sciences, professor, corresponding member of the RAS 

630089, Novosibirsk, Borisa Bogatkova st., 175/1

ragino@mail.ruНИИ терапии и профилактической медицины –филиал ФИЦ Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАНРоссияResearch Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of SB RASRussian Federation202506052025452618Copyright © Александрова О.В., Афанасьева А.Д., Рагино Ю.И., 20252025Александрова О.В., Афанасьева А.Д., Рагино Ю.И.Aleksandrova O.V., Afanaseva A.D., Ragino Y.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2067

В статье представлен обзор литературы, посвященной анализу влияния природно-климатических факторов на организм человека. Проанализировано влияние таких параметров, как температура окружающей среды, включая воздействие жары и холода, а также колебания атмосферного давления и уровня влажности. В ряде исследований продемонстрировано значимое влияние как повышения, так и понижения температуры окружающей среды относительно комфортных показателей, а также установлена корреляция с атмосферным давлением и влажностью. Рассмотрены эффекты данных факторов на функционирование сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной и нервной систем. Описано воздействие экстремальных погодных условий, при которых адаптационные процессы организма могут быть нарушены, что может приводить к окислительному стрессу, нарушать реологические свойства крови, провоцировать вазоспазм или вазодилатацию (код по МКБ-10 I73.9), а также бронхообструктивный синдром (код по МКБ-10 J44). В зависимости от колебаний относительной влажности и атмосферного давления изменяется ионный состав воздуха, оказывая влияние на организм человека. Природно-климатические факторы могут выступать в качестве триггера для обострения хронических заболеваний. В заключение определяется вектор возможных действий для предотвращения возникновения серьезных последствий для граждан, системы здравоохранения и экономики страны.

The article presents a review of the literature devoted to the analysis of the influence of natural and climatic factors on the human body. We analyzed the influence of parameters such as ambient temperature, including the effects of heat and cold, as well as fluctuations in atmospheric pressure and humidity levels. A number of studies have demonstrated a significant impact of both increase and decrease in ambient temperature relative to comfort level, and a correlation with atmospheric pressure and humidity has been established. The effects of these factors on the functioning of the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems were considered. Extreme weather can disrupt the body’s adaptive processes, leading to oxidative stress, altered blood rheology, vasospasm or vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction. Depending on fluctuations in relative humidity and atmospheric pressure, the ionic composition of the air may change, affecting the human body. Natural and climatic factors can act as a trigger for the exacerbation of chronic diseases. In conclusion, the vector of possible actions is determined to prevent the occurrence of serious consequences for citizens, the health system, and the economy of the country.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.