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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20250116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-1964</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уробиота и инфекции мочевыводящих путей при циррозе печени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urobiota and urinary tract infections in liver cirrhosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-0787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malaeva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Геннадьевна Малаева, к. м. н.</p><p>246050; ул. Ланге, 5; Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina G. Malaeva, candidate of medical sciences</p><p>246050; Lange st., 5; Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr-malaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-7329</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стома</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stoma</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Олегович Стома, д. м. н., проф.</p><p>246050; ул. Ланге, 5; Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor O. Stoma, doctor of medical sciences, professor</p><p>246050; Lange st., 5; Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@gsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9435-6109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воропаев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voropaev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Викторович Воропаев, к. м. н.</p><p>246050; ул. Ланге, 5; Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Voropaev, candidate of medical sciences</p><p>246050; Lange st., 5; Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voropaev.evgenii@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1931-4224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Викторовна Осипкина</p><p>246050; ул. Ланге, 5; Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Osipkina</p><p>246050; Lange st., 5; Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.osipkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-487X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Алексеевич Ковалев</p><p>246050; ул. Ланге, 5; Гомель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Kovalev</p><p>246050; Lange st., 5; Gomel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalev.data.analysis.gsmu@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гомельский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gomel State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>45</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., Воропаев Е.В., Осипкина О.В., Ковалев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малаева Е.Г., Стома И.О., Воропаев Е.В., Осипкина О.В., Ковалев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malaeva E.G., Stoma I.O., Voropaev E.V., Osipkina O.V., Kovalev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1964">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1964</self-uri><abstract><p>   Уробиом активно изучается, совершенствуется диагностика и проводится поиск новых маркеров воспалительных заболеваний мочевых путей, несмотря на то что большинство микроорганизмов не идентифицированы, и их функции остаются не до конца изученными.</p><p>   Цель исследования заключалась в изучении композиционного состава микробиоты мочевыводящих путей (уробиоты) у пациентов с циррозом печени в зависимости от наличия инфекции мочевыводящих путей.</p><sec><title>   Материал и методы</title><p>   Материал и методы. Проведено проспективное когортное одноцентровое исследование 48 пациентов с циррозом печени (мужчин – 30, женщин – 18), которым в дополнение к стандартным исследованиям выполнено метагеномное секвенирование мочи и кала. Средний возраст обследованных составил 50,5 года, с отсутствием и наличием инфекций мочевых путей было 16 и 32 пациента соответственно. Высокопроизводительное секвенирование проводилось с помощью генетического анализатора MiSeq (Illumina, США) с использованием протокола, основанного на анализе вариабельных регионов гена 16s рРНК. Данные анализировали с использованием алгоритма Kraken2. Уровень значимости α принят равным 0,05. Исследование зарегистрировано в Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05335213).</p><p>   Результаты и их обсуждение. Доминирующими филотипами уробиоты у пациентов с циррозом печени являются Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, среди которых преобладают Proteobacteria (более 50 %). Бета-разнообразие микробиоты мочевых путей имеет значимые различия у пациентов с отсутствием и наличием инфекций мочевыводящих путей (р = 0,001). При инфекции мочевыводящих путей увеличивается плотность в моче таких таксонов, как Gammaproteobacteria, в том числе Escherichia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, а также Bacilli, Synergistia, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Acidithiobacillia, и снижается плотность Prevotella, Clostridioides, Brevundimonas, Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus (р &lt; 0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Микробиологическая идентификация, основанная на методе метагеномного секвенирования, позволила определить в моче пациентов с циррозом печени более 1000 видов микроорганизмов, в том числе некультивируемых, и характерный бактериальный паттерн инфекции мочевыводящих путей, что расширяет представления о патогенезе и возможностях диагностики инфекций мочевых путей и создает предпосылки для обоснования направлений модуляции микробиоты и персонализации лечения пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The urobiome is being actively studied, diagnostics are being improved and new markers of inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract are being searched for, despite the fact that most microorganisms are unidentified and their functions remain not fully understood.</p><p>   The aim of the study was to study the composition of the urinary tract microbiota (urobiota) in patients with liver cirrhosis, depending on the presence of urinary tract infection.</p><sec><title>   Material and methods</title><p>   Material and methods. A prospective cohort single-center study was conducted on 48 patients with liver cirrhosis (30 men, 18 women), who, in addition to standard studies, underwent metagenomic sequencing of urine and feces. The average age of the examined patients was 50.5 years, there were 16 and 32 patients with and without urinary tract infection, respectively. High-performance sequencing was performed using the MiSeq genetic analyzer (Illumina, USA) using a protocol based on the analysis of variable regions of the 16s rRNA gene. Data analysis was performed using the Kraken2 algorithm. The significance level of α is assumed to be 0.05. The study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05335213).</p><p>   The results and their discussion. The dominant phylotypes of the urobiota in patients with liver cirrhosis are Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, among which Proteobacteria predominate (more than 50 %). The beta diversity of the urinary tract microbiota has significant differences in patients without or with urinary tract infection (p = 0.001). Urinary tract infection increases the density of such taxa in urine as Gammaproteobacteria, including Escherichia, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, as well as Bacilli, Synergistia, Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Acidithiobacillia and decreases the density of Prevotella, Clostridioides, Brevundimonas, Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus (p &lt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusions</title><p>   Conclusions. Microbiological identification based on the method of metagenomic sequencing made it possible to identify more than 1,000 types of microorganisms in the urine of patients with liver cirrhosis, including uncultivated ones, and a characteristic bacterial pattern of urinary tract infection, which expands the understanding of the pathogenesis and diagnostic possibilities of urinary tract infections and creates prerequisites for substantiating the directions of microbiota modulation and personalization of patient treatment.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уробиота</kwd><kwd>метагеномное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>инфекции мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>цирроз печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urobiota</kwd><kwd>metagenomic sequencing</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>liver cirrhosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта «Изучить особенности микробиоты различных биотопов организма человека в норме и при патологических состояниях, оценить ее значение в развитии связанных с ними заболеваний» государственной программы научных исследований «Трансляционная медицина», подпрограмма 4.2 «Фундаментальные аспекты медицинской науки» (№ госрегистрации 20220463 от 07. 04. 2022)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted within the framework of the project «To study the features of the microbiota of various biotopes of the human body in normal and pathological conditions, to assess its importance in the development of related diseases» the state program of scientific research «Translational Medicine», subprogram 4.2 «Fundamental aspects of medical science» (No. state registration 20220463 dated 04/07/2022)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almas S., Carpenter R.E., Rowan C., Tamrakar V.K., Bishop J., Sharma R. 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