sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20240608sibmed-1847Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОсобенности биораспределения наночастиц золота in vivoBiodistribution of gold nanoparticles in vivohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-1039ФиногеноваЮ. А.FinogenovaYu. A.

Финогенова Юлия Андреевна.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23

Yulia A. Finogenova.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe highw., 23

b-f.finogenova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5631-9016ЛипенгольцА. А.LipengoltsA. A.

Липенгольц Алексей Андреевич - к.ф.-м.н.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 115409, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31

Alexey A. Lipengolts - candidate of physico-mathematical sciences.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe highw., 23; 115409, Moscow, Kashirskoe hwy., 31

lipengolts@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-7895СкрибицкийВ. А.SkribitskyV. A.

Скрибицкий Всеволод Андреевич.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 115409, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31

Vsevolod A. Skribitsky.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe highw., 23; 115409, Moscow, Kashirskoe hwy., 31

skvseva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-1794ШпаковаК. Е.ShpakovaK. E.

Шпакова Кристина Евгеньевна.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 115409, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31

Kristina E. Shpakova.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe highw., 23; 115409, Moscow, Kashirskoe hwy., 31

shpakova.k.e@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0386-9732СмирноваА. В.SmirnovaA. V.

Смирнова Анна Вячеславовна - к.б.н.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23; 11123, Москва, шоссе Энтузиастов, 86

Anna V. Smirnova - candidate of biological sciences.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe highw., 23; 111123, Moscow, Entuziastov hwy., 86

smirn-ova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-0565СычеваН. Н.SychevaN. N.

Сычева Наталья Николаевна.

115409, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 31

Natalia N. Sycheva.

115409, Moscow, Kashirskoe hwy., 31

natalia.n.sycheva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7726-7991ГригорьеваЕ. Ю.GrigorievaE. Yu.

Григорьева Елена Юрьевна - д.б.н.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 23

Elena Yu. Grigorieva - doctor of biological sciences.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoe highw., 23

grig-elen11@mail.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. БлохинаРоссияN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of OncologyRussian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина; Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»РоссияN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)Russian FederationНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина; Московский Клинический научный центр им. А.С. Логинова Департамента здравоохранения г. МосквыРоссияN.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology; Moscow Clinical Scientific Center named after Loginov MHDRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»РоссияNational Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)Russian Federation2024070120254468396Copyright © Финогенова Ю.А., Липенгольц А.А., Скрибицкий В.А., Шпакова К.Е., Смирнова А.В., Сычева Н.Н., Григорьева Е.Ю., 20252025Финогенова Ю.А., Липенгольц А.А., Скрибицкий В.А., Шпакова К.Е., Смирнова А.В., Сычева Н.Н., Григорьева Е.Ю.Finogenova Y.A., Lipengolts A.A., Skribitsky V.A., Shpakova K.E., Smirnova A.V., Sycheva N.N., Grigorieva E.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1847

Наночастицы золота обладают уникальными физическими, химическими и оптическими свойствами, благодаря чему на их основе разрабатывают перспективные лекарственные средства: радиосенсибилизаторы, рентгеноконтрастные препараты, агенты для фототермической терапии, лекарственные средства направленной доставки. При этом в каждом случае выбор параметров наночастиц обусловлен не только областью применения, но и характером биораспределения в живом организме: длительностью циркуляции в кровотоке и способностью накапливаться в целевых органах и тканях, включая опухоль. Для этого наночастицы должны избегать фагоцитоза макрофагами печени. Целью данного обзора послужила систематизация информации о влиянии параметров наночастиц золота на их фармакокинетические свойства и биораспределение в организме мелких лабораторных животных, как интактных, так и с трансплантированной опухолью. Рассмотрены такие параметры наночастиц, как размер, стабилизирующее покрытие, форма. Наночастицы меньшего размера, как правило, дольше циркулируют в кровотоке и медленнее накапливаются в печени животного. Для защиты от агрегации, опсонизации и фагоцитоза используют различные варианты покрытия наночастиц, например, цитрат, бычий сывороточный альбумин или полиэтиленгликоль. Влияние формы наночастиц на биораспределение до сих пор недостаточно изучено; предположительно, она имеет меньшее значение, чем размер и покрытие. В целом имеющиеся данные указывают на то, что оптимальными фармакокинетическими свойствами для биомедицинского применения обладают наночастицы золота с диаметром до 50 нм, имеющие экранирующее полимерное покрытие.

Gold nanoparticles have unique physical, chemical and optical properties, due to which they are used to develop promising drugs: radiosensitisers, X-ray contrast media, agents for photothermal therapy, drugs for targeted delivery. In each case, the choice of nanoparticle parameters is determined not only by the field of application, but also by the biodistribution in the living organism: blood circulation time and accumulation in target organs and tissues, including the tumor. For long blood circulation, nanoparticles should avoid phagocytosis by liver macrophages. The aim of this review was to systematise information on the influence of gold nanoparticle parameters on their pharmacokinetic properties and biodistribution in intact and tumor-bearing small laboratory animals. Size, shape and stabilising coating were considered. Smaller nanoparticles tend to circulate longer in the bloodstream and accumulate more slowly in the liver. Various coatings such as citrate, bovine serum albumin or polyethylene glycol are used to protect nanoparticles against aggregation, opsonisation and phagocytosis. The influence of nanoparticle shape on biodistribution is not completely understood; presumably, it is less important than size and coating. In general, the available data indicate that gold nanoparticles with a diameter of up to 50 nm with a polymer coating have optimal pharmacokinetic properties for biomedical application.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.