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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibmed</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сибирский научный медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2410-2512</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2520</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ИЦиГ СО РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/SSMJ20240505</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibmed-1701</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Достижения последних лет в пренатальной генетической диагностике малых сверхчисленных маркерных хромосом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Recent achievements in prenatal genetic diagnosis of small supernumerary marker chromosomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-3006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омаров</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омаров Магомед Абдурахманович</p><p>197022, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomed A. Omarov</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, L’va Tolstogo st., 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mmaaggaa_omarov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7490-3710</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мулюков</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mulyukov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мулюков Айрат Рамильевич</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Airat R. Mulyukov</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mulykov.165@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2087-3223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмистров</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmistrov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурмистров Иван Александрович</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Burmistrov</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ivan.burmistr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1488-5872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахмадишин</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmadishin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмадишин Эдуард Ильдусович</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard I. Akhmadishin</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubotedik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0380-3136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapteva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лаптева Мария Сергеевна</p><p>194044, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariia S. Lapteva</p><p>194044, Saint Petersburg, Akademika Lebedeva st., 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">laptevamaria05@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2619-3952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Низамутдинов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizamutdinova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Низамутдинова Аделина Нуровна</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Adelina N. Nizamutdinova</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nizamutdinovaadelina278@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1695-6273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуриева</surname><given-names>К. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurieva</surname><given-names>K. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нуриева Кадрия Зуфаровна</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kadria Z. Nurieva</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nkadria@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2064-7816</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягудина</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iagudina</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ягудина Регина Айдаровна</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina A. Iagudina</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yagudina.regina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2257-3938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбанадамов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbanadamov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курбанадамов Магомедали Рустамович</p><p>450077, г. Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Magomedali R. Kurbanadamov</p><p>450077, Ufa, Lenina st., 3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrkurbanadamov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy of Minzdrav of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Омаров М.А., Мулюков А.Р., Бурмистров И.А., Ахмадишин Э.И., Лаптева М.С., Низамутдинов А.Н., Нуриева К.З., Ягудина Р.А., Курбанадамов М.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Омаров М.А., Мулюков А.Р., Бурмистров И.А., Ахмадишин Э.И., Лаптева М.С., Низамутдинов А.Н., Нуриева К.З., Ягудина Р.А., Курбанадамов М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Omarov M.A., Mulyukov A.R., Burmistrov I.A., Akhmadishin E.I., Lapteva M.S., Nizamutdinova A.N., Nurieva K.Z., Iagudina R.A., Kurbanadamov M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1701">https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1701</self-uri><abstract><p>Малые сверхчисленные маркерные хромосомы (sSMC) представляют собой структурно-аномальные хромосомы, которые нельзя однозначно идентифицировать или охарактеризовать с помощью традиционного кариотипирования. Они могут существовать в различных формах, включая кольцевые, центрические фрагменты и другие структурные аномалии, часто обнаруживающиеся во время пренатальной диагностики. sSMC встречаются приблизительно в 0,075 % неотобранных пренатальных случаев и могут быть связаны с широким спектром фенотипических проявлений, от нормального развития до серьезных конгенитальных аномалий развития и синдромов. Понимание и интерпретация их клинического значения остаются сложными задачами в генетическом консультировании из-за высокой гетерогенности и потенциального влияния sSMC на фенотип плода. Прогресс в области молекулярной цитогенетики, включая такие методы, как флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ (FISH), а также сравнительная геномная гибридизация на микрочипах (aCGH) и секвенирование нового поколения (NGS) значительно улучшили возможности точной характеристики sSMC. Данные методы позволяют определять их происхождение, размер и генетическое содержание, что критически важно для оценки рисков и принятия решений во время беременности. Таким образом, современные методы молекулярной цитогенетики играют ключевую роль в идентификации и характеристике sSMC, что обеспечивает более точное генетическое консультирование и помогает принимать обоснованные решения в отношении беременности. Однако, несмотря на технологический прогресс, sSMC продолжают представлять собой вызов для пренатальной диагностики из-за их сложности и потенциального влияния на развитие плода. В данной статье представлен общий обзор sSMC и их роли в пренатальной диагностике, а также рассмотрены клиническое значение и потенциальное влияние sSMC на исход беременности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are structurally abnormal chromosomes that cannot be clearly identified or characterized by traditional karyotyping. They can appear in a variety of forms, including rings, centric fragments, and other structural abnormalities, and are often detected during prenatal diagnosis. sSMCs occur in approximately 0.075 % of unselected prenatal cases and can be associated with a wide range of phenotypic presentations, from normal development to severe congenital malformations and syndromes. Understanding and interpreting the clinical significance of sSMCs remains challenging in genetic counseling due to their high heterogeneity and potential impact on fetal phenotype. Advances in the field of molecular cytogenetics, including techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), as well as microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have significantly improved the ability to accurately characterize sSMCs. These methods can determine their origin, size and genetic content, which is critical for risk assessment and decision-making during pregnancy. Thus, modern molecular cytogenetics techniques play a key role in the identification and characterization of sSMC, allowing for more accurate genetic counseling and helping to make informed pregnancy decisions. However, despite technological advances, sSMCs continue to pose a challenge for prenatal diagnosis due to their complexity and potential impact on fetal development. In this article, we aim to provide a general overview of sSMCs and of their impact on prenatal diagnosis, as well as consider the clinical significance and potential impact of sSMCs on pregnancy outcome.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>малые сверхчисленные маркерные хромосомы</kwd><kwd>генетические аномалии</kwd><kwd>пренатальная генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>генетическое консультирование</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ</kwd><kwd>сравнительная геномная гибридизация на микрочипах</kwd><kwd>секвенирование нового поколения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small supernumerary marker chromosomes</kwd><kwd>genetic abnormalities</kwd><kwd>prenatal genetic diagnosis</kwd><kwd>genetic counseling</kwd><kwd>fluorescent in situ hybridization</kwd><kwd>comparative genomic hybridization on microarrays</kwd><kwd>next generation sequencing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebedev I.N., Karamysheva T.V., Elisaphenko E.A., Makunin A.I., Zhigalina D.I., Lopatkina M.E., Drozdov G.V., Cheremnykh A.D., Torkhova N.B., Seitova G.N., … Rubtsov N.B. 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