sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20240502sibmed-1698Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОсь «кишечник – мозг»: от физиологии к психологии и ожирениюUnraveling the intricacies of the gut-brain axis: from physiology to psychology and obesityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-7211КодидалаС.Р.KodidalaS. R.

Сатьянатх Редди Кодидала

577004, Карнатака, Давенгере, M.C.C ’B’ блок

Satyanath Reddy Kodidala

577004, Karnataka, Davangere, M.C.C ’B’ Block

ksatyanath1989@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8172-9832КаурХ.KaurH.

Харминдер Каур

122505, Харияна, Гуруграм, ул. Гергаон_Бадли

Harminder Kaur

122505, Haryana, Gurugram, Gurgaon-Badli Road

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8827-7543МанджунацС.ManjunathS.

Сунита Манджунатс

577004, Карнатака, Давенгере, M.C.C ’B’ блок

Sunitha Manjunath

577004, Karnataka, Davangere, M.C.C ’B’ Block

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0707-7476АкулаГ.Р.AkulaG. R.

Гангадхар Редди Акула

518001, Нандяла, Андхра Пареж, FCR9+VHQ, NH40

Gangadhar Reddy Akula

518001, Nandyala, Andhra Pradesh, FCR9+VHQ, NH40

JM Медицинский колледж и больницаИндияJJM Medical College and HospitalIndiaSGT УниверситетИндияSGT UniversityIndiaJJM Медицинский колледж и больницаИндияJJM Medical College and HospitalIndiaSanthiram медицинский колледжИндияSanthiram Medical CollegeIndia2024301020244451923Copyright © Кодидала С., Каур Х., Манджунац С., Акула Г., 20242024Кодидала С., Каур Х., Манджунац С., Акула Г.Kodidala S., Kaur H., Manjunath S., Akula G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1698

Организм человека работает через сеть взаимосвязанных систем, которые выходят за пределы обычных границ органов и тканей. Ось «кишечник–мозг» (ОКМ) – термин, используемый для описания взаимодействия между мозгом и микробиотой кишечника. Раньше этот термин рассматривали только при описании вопросов пищеварения, но в последние годы он претерпел значительную эволюцию и используется для описания последствий физического и психического состояния организма. Возникает более глубокое понимание того, как ОКМ влияет не только на пищеварение и метаболизм, но и на психическое здоровье и ожирение. Материал и методы. В данной статье приводится обзор современной научной литературы с целью изучения сложных механизмов и глубоких последствий влияния ОКМ на психическое здоровье и ожирение. Результаты. Компоненты ОКМ, включая энтеральную нервную систему, блуждающий нерв, нейротрансмиттеры, гормоны кишечника и микробиоту кишечника, в совокупности управляют пищеварением, метаболизмом, настроением и поведением. Последние исследования проясняют роль ОКМ в выработке нейротрансмиттеров, составе микробиоты, иммунитете, реакции на стресс и передаче по блуждающему нерву, подчеркивая его значение для психического состояния. Более того, нарушения в работе ОКМ способствуют изменениям в регуляции аппетита, метаболизма и состава микробиоты кишечника, связывая их с развитием и усугублением ожирения. Заключение. Понимание сложных связей внутри ОКМ создает основу для разработки целенаправленных мероприятий, способствующих целостному здоровью организма. Признавая многогранный характер ОКМ, можно искать инновационные подходы для эффективного решения проблем психических расстройств, модификации образа жизни и ожирения.

The human body, a marvel of complexity, operates through a network of interconnected systems that extend beyond the conventional confines of organs and tissues. Among the most intriguing and dynamic of these networks is the gut- brain axis (GBA), it was considered only for digestion, but in recent years GBA has evolved dramatically, uncovering its profound implications for both physical and mental well-being. Background: As scientific research continues to delve into the intricacies of this bidirectional pathway, a deeper understanding emerges of how the GBA impacts not only digestion and metabolism but also mental health and obesity. Material and methods. This article conducts a systematic review of current scientific literature to explore the intricate mechanisms and profound implications of the GBA on mental health and obesity. Results. Components of the GBA, including the enteric nervous system, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, gut hormones, and gut microbiota, collectively orchestrate digestion, metabolism, mood, cognition, and behavior. Recent research elucidates the role of the GBA in neurotransmitter production, microbiota composition, immune function, stress response, and vagus nerve communication, highlighting its significance in mental well-being. Moreover, disruptions in the GBA contribute to alterations in appetite regulation, metabolism, and gut microbiota composition, linking it to the development and exacerbation of obesity. Conclusions. Understanding the intricate connections within the GBA provides a foundation for developing targeted interventions to promote holistic health and well-being. By recognizing the multifaceted nature of the GBA, individuals and healthcare professionals can explore innovative approaches to address mental health disorders, life style modification and obesity effectively.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.