sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20230508sibmed-1240Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПластика передней таранно-малоберцовой связки у пациентов с хронической нестабильностью голеностопного сустава (обзор литературы)Anterior talofibular ligament plastic in patients with chronic ankle instability (literature review)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0442-8149ЗахаровГ. Г.ZakharovG. G.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2

119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-4743ЗахароваМ. А.ZakharovaM. A.

к.м.н.

123112, г. Москва, Пресненская наб., 8, стр. 1

candidate of medical sciences

123112, Moscow, Presnenskaya emb., 8/1

mariia_gabitova91@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-8149ЛычагинА. В.LychaginA. V.

д.м.н.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2

doctor of medical sciences

119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-6088ДрогинА. Р.DroginA. R.

к.м.н.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2

candidate of medical sciences

119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6694-0199ПодлеснаяА. А.PodlesnayaA. A.

119991, г. Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, 2

119991, Moscow, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 2

Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityRussian FederationКлиника «Чайка»Россия“Chaika” ClinicRussian Federation2023271020234358594Copyright © Захаров Г.Г., Захарова М.А., Лычагин А.В., Дрогин А.Р., Подлесная А.А., 20232023Захаров Г.Г., Захарова М.А., Лычагин А.В., Дрогин А.Р., Подлесная А.А.Zakharov G.G., Zakharova M.A., Lychagin A.V., Drogin A.R., Podlesnaya A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1240

Травма голеностопного сустава признана одной из ведущих нозологий в общей структуре поражений опорно-двигательного аппарата не только среди профессиональных спортсменов, но и среди взрослого населения в общем. При неэффективности консервативной терапии развивается хроническая нестабильность голеностопного сустава, способная значительно снизить качество жизни пациентов, в этой ситуации безальтернативным становится оперативное лечение. Выбор метода хирургического вмешательства определяется не только характером травмы, но и состоянием связочно-сухожильного аппарата. Кроме того, в значительной степени хирургическая тактика выбирается на основании предпочтений конкретного хирурга. В статье описаны анатомо-физиологические особенности и факторы риска, определяющие возникновение острой нестабильности голеностопного сустава и ее переход в хроническое состояние, а также основные методики пластики передней таранно-малоберцовой связки и их распространенные модификации. Отдельное внимание уделено способам оценки эффективности оперативных методик на трупном связочном материале. Анализ литературы убеждает в том, что изученность вопроса остается недостаточной. Получение новых клинических данных позволит увеличить эффективность хирургической методики лечения нестабильности голеностопного сустава и значительно повысить качество жизни пациентов.

Ankle joint injury is one of the leading nosologies in the general structure of the musculoskeletal system lesions, not only among professional athletes, but also among the adult population in general. In case of conservative therapy ineffectiveness, chronic instability of the ankle joint develops, which can significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life, in this situation, the surgical treatment becomes uncontested. The choice of the surgical intervention method is determined not only by the nature of the injury, but also by the ligamentous-tendon apparatus condition. In addition, to a large extent, surgical tactics is chosen based on the preferences of the individual surgeon. The article describes the anatomical and physiological features and risk factors that determine the occurrence of acute the ankle joint instability and its transition to a chronic state, as well as the main methods of the anterior talofibular ligament plastic surgery and their common modifications. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness evaluating methods of surgical techniques on cadaveric ligamentous material. An analysis of the literature shows that the study of the issue remains insufficient. New clinical data obtaining will increase the effectiveness of the surgical technique for ankle instability treating and significantly improve the quality of life of patients.

таранно-малоберцовая связканестабильность голеностопного суставакачество жизнихирургическое лечениеtalofibular ligamentankle joint instabilityquality of lifesurgical treatmentReferencesAl-Mohrej O.A., Al-Kenani N.S. Chronic ankle instability: Current perspectives. Avicenna J. Med. 2016;6(4):103–108. doi: 10.4103/2231-0770.191446Al-Mohrej O.A., Al-Kenani N.S. Chronic ankle instability: Current perspectives. Avicenna J. Med. 2016;6(4):103–108. doi: 10.4103/2231-0770.191446Hølmer P., Søndergaard L., Konradsen L., Nielsen P.T., Jørgensen L.N. Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(2):72– 74. doi: 10.1177/107110079401500204Hølmer P., Søndergaard L., Konradsen L., Nielsen P.T., Jørgensen L.N. Epidemiology of sprains in the lateral ankle and foot. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(2):72– 74. doi: 10.1177/107110079401500204Waterman B.R., Belmont P.J. Jr., Cameron K.L., Svoboda S.J., Alitz C.J., Owens B.D. Risk factors for syndesmotic and medial ankle sprain: role of sex, sport, and level of competition. Am. J. Sports Med. 2011;39(5):992–998. doi: 10.1177/0363546510391462Waterman B.R., Belmont P.J. Jr., Cameron K.L., Svoboda S.J., Alitz C.J., Owens B.D. Risk factors for syndesmotic and medial ankle sprain: role of sex, sport, and level of competition. Am. J. Sports Med. 2011;39(5):992–998. doi: 10.1177/0363546510391462Herzog M.M., Kerr Z.Y., Marshal S.W., Wikstrom E.A. Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2019;54(6):603–610. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-447-17Herzog M.M., Kerr Z.Y., Marshal S.W., Wikstrom E.A. Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2019;54(6):603–610. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-447-17Giannini S., Ruffilli A., Pagliazzi G., Mazzotti A., Evangelisti G., Buda R., Faldini C. Treatment algorithm for chronic lateral ankle instability. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4(4):455–460.Giannini S., Ruffilli A., Pagliazzi G., Mazzotti A., Evangelisti G., Buda R., Faldini C. Treatment algorithm for chronic lateral ankle instability. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2014;4(4):455–460.Куров М.А., Голубев В.Г. Роль факторов риска в развитии хронической посттравматической нестабильности голеностопного сустава. Рос. мед.биол. вестн. 2018;26(3):430–439. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ2018263430-439Kurov M.A., Golubev V.G. The role of the risk factors on the development of chronic post-traumatic instability of the ankle joint. Rossiyskiy mediko-biologicheskiy vestnik imeni akademika Ivana Petrovicha Pavlova = I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2018;26(3):430–439. [In Russian]. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ2018263430-439Waterman B.R., Owens B.D., Davey S., Zacchilli M.A., Belmont P. Jr. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2010;92(13):2279–2284. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01537Waterman B.R., Owens B.D., Davey S., Zacchilli M.A., Belmont P. Jr. The epidemiology of ankle sprains in the United States. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2010;92(13):2279–2284. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.01537Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):364–375.Hertel J. Functional anatomy, pathomechanics, and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):364–375.Sarcon A.K., Heyrani N., Giza E., Kreulen C. Lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2019;4(2):2473011419846938. doi: 10.1177/2473011419846938Sarcon A.K., Heyrani N., Giza E., Kreulen C. Lateral ankle sprain and chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2019;4(2):2473011419846938. doi: 10.1177/2473011419846938Golanó P., Vega J., de Leeuw P.A., Malagelada F., Manzanares M.C., Götzens V., van Dijk C.N. Anatomy of the ankle: a pictorial essay. Knee Surg. Sports. Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2010;18(5):557–569. doi: 10.1007/s00167-010-1100-xGolanó P., Vega J., de Leeuw P.A., Malagelada F., Manzanares M.C., Götzens V., van Dijk C.N. Anatomy of the ankle: a pictorial essay. Knee Surg. Sports. Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2010;18(5):557–569. doi: 10.1007/s00167-010-1100-xClanton T.O., Campbell K.J., Wilson K.J. Qualitative and quantitative anatomic investigation of the lateral ankle ligaments for surgical reconstruction procedures. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2014;96(12):e98. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.M.00798Clanton T.O., Campbell K.J., Wilson K.J. Qualitative and quantitative anatomic investigation of the lateral ankle ligaments for surgical reconstruction procedures. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2014;96(12):e98. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.M.00798Cao Y., Hong Y., Xu Y., Zhu Y., Xu X. Surgical management of chronic lateral ankle instability: a meta-analysis. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2018;13(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0870-6Cao Y., Hong Y., Xu Y., Zhu Y., Xu X. Surgical management of chronic lateral ankle instability: a meta-analysis. J. Orthop. Surg. Res. 2018;13(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0870-6Attarian D.E., McCrackin H.J., Devito D.P., McElhaney J.H., Garrett W.E. A biomechanical study of human lateral ankle ligaments and autogenous reconstructive grafts. Am. J. Sports Med. 1985;13(6):377– 381. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300602Attarian D.E., McCrackin H.J., Devito D.P., McElhaney J.H., Garrett W.E. A biomechanical study of human lateral ankle ligaments and autogenous reconstructive grafts. Am. J. Sports Med. 1985;13(6):377– 381. doi: 10.1177/036354658501300602van Rijn R.M., van Os A.G., Bernsen R.M., Luijsterburg P.A., Koes B.W., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M. What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? A systematic literature review. Am. J. Med. 2008;121(4):324–331. e6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.11.018van Rijn R.M., van Os A.G., Bernsen R.M., Luijsterburg P.A., Koes B.W., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M. What is the clinical course of acute ankle sprains? A systematic literature review. Am. J. Med. 2008;121(4):324–331. e6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.11.018Renstrom P.A., Lynch S.A. Ankle ligament injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 1997;31(1):11–20. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.1.11Renstrom P.A., Lynch S.A. Ankle ligament injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 1997;31(1):11–20. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.1.11Valovich McLeod T.C., Snyder A.R., Parsons J.T., Curtis Bay R., Michener L.A., Sauers E.L. Using disablement models and clinical outcomes assessment to enable evidence-based athletic training practice, part I: disablement models. J. Athl. Train. 2008;43(4):428–436. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.437Valovich McLeod T.C., Snyder A.R., Parsons J.T., Curtis Bay R., Michener L.A., Sauers E.L. Using disablement models and clinical outcomes assessment to enable evidence-based athletic training practice, part I: disablement models. J. Athl. Train. 2008;43(4):428–436. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.4.437Vuurberg G., Hoorntje A., Wink L.M., van der Doelen B.F.W., van den Bekerom M.P., Dekker R., van Dijk C.N., Krips R., Loogman M.C.M., Ridderikhof M.L., … Kerkhoffs G.M.M. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2018;52(15):956. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098106Vuurberg G., Hoorntje A., Wink L.M., van der Doelen B.F.W., van den Bekerom M.P., Dekker R., van Dijk C.N., Krips R., Loogman M.C.M., Ridderikhof M.L., … Kerkhoffs G.M.M. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of ankle sprains: update of an evidence-based clinical guideline. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2018;52(15):956. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098106Hiller C.E., Kilbreath S.L., Refshauge K.M. Chronic ankle instability: evolution of the model. J. Athl. Train. 2011;46(2):133–141. doi: 10.4085/10626050-46.2.133Hiller C.E., Kilbreath S.L., Refshauge K.M. Chronic ankle instability: evolution of the model. J. Athl. Train. 2011;46(2):133–141. doi: 10.4085/10626050-46.2.133Safran M.R., Benedetti R.S., Bartolozzi A.R. 3rd, Mandelbaum B.R. Lateral ankle sprains: a comprehensive review, part 1: etiology, pathoanatomy, histopathogenesis, and diagnosis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1999;31(7 Suppl):429–437. doi: 10.1097/00005768199907001-00004Safran M.R., Benedetti R.S., Bartolozzi A.R. 3rd, Mandelbaum B.R. Lateral ankle sprains: a comprehensive review, part 1: etiology, pathoanatomy, histopathogenesis, and diagnosis. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1999;31(7 Suppl):429–437. doi: 10.1097/00005768199907001-00004Davis P.F., Trevino S.G. Ankle injuries. In: Baxter D.E., ed. The Foot and Ankle in Sport. Vol 1. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, 1995. P. 158–164.Davis P.F., Trevino S.G. Ankle injuries. In: Baxter D.E., ed. The Foot and Ankle in Sport. Vol 1. St Louis, MO: Mosby-Yearbook, 1995. P. 158–164.Karlsson J., Lansinger O. Lateral instability of the ankle joint. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1992;(276):253–261.Karlsson J., Lansinger O. Lateral instability of the ankle joint. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1992;(276):253–261.Bernier J.N., Perrin D.H., Rijke A. Effect of unilateral functional instability of the ankle on postural sway and inversion and eversion strength. J. Athl. Train. 1997;32(3):226–232.Bernier J.N., Perrin D.H., Rijke A. Effect of unilateral functional instability of the ankle on postural sway and inversion and eversion strength. J. Athl. Train. 1997;32(3):226–232.Freeman M.A. Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1965;47(4):669–677.Freeman M.A. Instability of the foot after injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1965;47(4):669–677.Coughlin M.J., Schenck R.C. Jr, Grebing B.R., Treme G. Comprehensive reconstruction of the lateral ankle for chronic instability using a free gracilis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(4):231–241. doi: 10.1177/107110070402500407Coughlin M.J., Schenck R.C. Jr, Grebing B.R., Treme G. Comprehensive reconstruction of the lateral ankle for chronic instability using a free gracilis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(4):231–241. doi: 10.1177/107110070402500407Evans G.A., Hardcastle P., Frenyo A.D. Acute rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. To suture or not to suture? J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1984;66(2):209– 212. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.66B2.6368563Evans G.A., Hardcastle P., Frenyo A.D. Acute rupture of the lateral ligament of the ankle. To suture or not to suture? J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1984;66(2):209– 212. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.66B2.6368563Tropp H., Odenrick P., Gillquist J. Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint. Int. J. Sports. Med. 1985;6(3):180–182. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025836Tropp H., Odenrick P., Gillquist J. Stabilometry recordings in functional and mechanical instability of the ankle joint. Int. J. Sports. Med. 1985;6(3):180–182. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1025836Casillas M.M. Ligament injuries of the foot and ankle in adult athletes. In: Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. Vol 2. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2002. P. 2323–2348.Casillas M.M. Ligament injuries of the foot and ankle in adult athletes. In: Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. Vol 2. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 2002. P. 2323–2348.Konradsen L., Bech L., Ehrenbjerg M., Nickelsen T. Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2002;12(3):129– 135. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.02104.xKonradsen L., Bech L., Ehrenbjerg M., Nickelsen T. Seven years follow-up after ankle inversion trauma. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 2002;12(3):129– 135. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.02104.xRyan L. Mechanical stability, muscle strength and proprioception in the functionally unstable ankle. Aust. J. Physiother. 1994;40(1):41–47. doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60453-0Ryan L. Mechanical stability, muscle strength and proprioception in the functionally unstable ankle. Aust. J. Physiother. 1994;40(1):41–47. doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(14)60453-0Rosenbaum D., Becker H.P., Gerngroß H., Claes L. Peroneal reaction times for diagnosis of functional ankle instability. Foot Ankle Surg. 2000;6(1):31– 38. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9584.2000.00177.xRosenbaum D., Becker H.P., Gerngroß H., Claes L. Peroneal reaction times for diagnosis of functional ankle instability. Foot Ankle Surg. 2000;6(1):31– 38. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9584.2000.00177.xMacAuley D. Review Ankle injuries: same joint, different sports. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 1999;31(7 Suppl):409–411. doi: 10.1097/00005768-19990700100001MacAuley D. Review Ankle injuries: same joint, different sports. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 1999;31(7 Suppl):409–411. doi: 10.1097/00005768-19990700100001Wester J.U., Jespersen S.M., Nielsen K.D., Neumann L. Wobble board training after partial sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a prospective randomized study. J. Orthop. Sports. Phys. Ther. 1996;23(5):332–336. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1996.23.5.332Wester J.U., Jespersen S.M., Nielsen K.D., Neumann L. Wobble board training after partial sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a prospective randomized study. J. Orthop. Sports. Phys. Ther. 1996;23(5):332–336. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1996.23.5.332Gribble P.A., Delahunt E., Bleakley C.M., Caulfield B., Docherty C.L., Fong D.T., Fourchet F., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., Kaminski T.W., … Wikstrom E.A. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J. Athl. Train. 2014;49(1):121–127. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.14Gribble P.A., Delahunt E., Bleakley C.M., Caulfield B., Docherty C.L., Fong D.T., Fourchet F., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., Kaminski T.W., … Wikstrom E.A. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the International Ankle Consortium. J. Athl. Train. 2014;49(1):121–127. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.14Gribble P.A., Bleakley C.M., Caulfield B.M., Docherty C.L., Fourchet F., Fong D.T.P., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., Kaminski T.W., McKeon P.O., … Delahunt E. 2016 consensus statement of the International Ankle Consortium: prevalence, impact and long-term consequences of lateral ankle sprains. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2016;50(24):1493–1495. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096188Gribble P.A., Bleakley C.M., Caulfield B.M., Docherty C.L., Fourchet F., Fong D.T.P., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., Kaminski T.W., McKeon P.O., … Delahunt E. 2016 consensus statement of the International Ankle Consortium: prevalence, impact and long-term consequences of lateral ankle sprains. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2016;50(24):1493–1495. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096188Delahunt E., Bleakley C.M., Bossard D.S., Caulfield B.M., Docherty C.L., Doherty C., Fourchet F., Fong D.T., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., … Gribble P.A. Clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries (ROAST): 2019 consensus statement and recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2018;52(20):1304–1310. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098885Delahunt E., Bleakley C.M., Bossard D.S., Caulfield B.M., Docherty C.L., Doherty C., Fourchet F., Fong D.T., Hertel J., Hiller C.E., … Gribble P.A. Clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries (ROAST): 2019 consensus statement and recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2018;52(20):1304–1310. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098885Ajis A., Maffulli N. Conservative management of chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):531–537. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.004Ajis A., Maffulli N. Conservative management of chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):531–537. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.07.004Mattacola C.G., Dwyer M.K. Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):413–429.Mattacola C.G., Dwyer M.K. Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):413–429.Janssen K.W., van Mechelen W., Verhagen E.A. Bracing superior to neuromuscular training for the prevention of self-reported recurrent ankle sprains: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2014;48(16):1235–1239. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092947Janssen K.W., van Mechelen W., Verhagen E.A. Bracing superior to neuromuscular training for the prevention of self-reported recurrent ankle sprains: a three-arm randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Sports. Med. 2014;48(16):1235–1239. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092947Surve I., Schwellnus M.P., Noakes T., Lombard C. A fivefold reduction in the incidence of recurrent ankle sprains in soccer players using the Sport-Stirrup orthosis. Am. J. Sports. Med. 1994;22(5):601–606. doi: 10.1177/036354659402200506Surve I., Schwellnus M.P., Noakes T., Lombard C. A fivefold reduction in the incidence of recurrent ankle sprains in soccer players using the Sport-Stirrup orthosis. Am. J. Sports. Med. 1994;22(5):601–606. doi: 10.1177/036354659402200506McGuine T.A., Keene J.S. The effect of a balance training program on the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2006;34(7):1103– 1111. doi: 10.1177/0363546505284191McGuine T.A., Keene J.S. The effect of a balance training program on the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2006;34(7):1103– 1111. doi: 10.1177/0363546505284191Baumhauer J.F., O’Brien T. Surgical considerations in the treatment of ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):458–462.Baumhauer J.F., O’Brien T. Surgical considerations in the treatment of ankle instability. J. Athl. Train. 2002;37(4):458–462.McCriskin B.J., Cameron K.L., Orr J.D., Waterman B.R. Management and prevention of acute and chronic lateral ankle instability in athletic patient populations. World J. Orthop. 2015;6(2):161–171. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i2.161McCriskin B.J., Cameron K.L., Orr J.D., Waterman B.R. Management and prevention of acute and chronic lateral ankle instability in athletic patient populations. World J. Orthop. 2015;6(2):161–171. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i2.161Guillo S., Bauer T., Lee J.W., Takao M., Kong S.W., Stone J.W., Mangone P.G., Molloy A., Perera A., Pearce C.J., … Calder J. Consensus in chronic ankle instability: aetiology, ssessment, surgical indications and place for arthroscopy. Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. 2013;99(8 Suppl):411–419. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2013.10.009Guillo S., Bauer T., Lee J.W., Takao M., Kong S.W., Stone J.W., Mangone P.G., Molloy A., Perera A., Pearce C.J., … Calder J. Consensus in chronic ankle instability: aetiology, ssessment, surgical indications and place for arthroscopy. Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. 2013;99(8 Suppl):411–419. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2013.10.009Gerstner Garces J.B. Chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2012;17(3):389–398. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2012.06.001Gerstner Garces J.B. Chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Clin. 2012;17(3):389–398. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2012.06.001Chrisman O.D., Snook G.A. Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle: an experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedure. J. Bone Joint Surg. Ser A. 1969;51:904–912. doi: 10.2106/00004623-196951050-00007Chrisman O.D., Snook G.A. Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle: an experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedure. J. Bone Joint Surg. Ser A. 1969;51:904–912. doi: 10.2106/00004623-196951050-00007Evans D.L. Recurrent instability of the ankle; a method of surgical treatment. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1953;46(5):343–344.Evans D.L. Recurrent instability of the ankle; a method of surgical treatment. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 1953;46(5):343–344.Watson-Jones R. Recurrent forward dislocation of the ankle joint. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1952;34:519.Watson-Jones R. Recurrent forward dislocation of the ankle joint. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1952;34:519.Bahr R., Pena F., Shine J., Lew W.D., Tyrdal S., Engebretsen L. Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction. An in vitro comparison of the Brostrom repair, Watson-Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstruction technique. Am. J. Sports. Med. 1997;25(4):424–432. doi: 10.1177/036354659702500402Bahr R., Pena F., Shine J., Lew W.D., Tyrdal S., Engebretsen L. Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction. An in vitro comparison of the Brostrom repair, Watson-Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstruction technique. Am. J. Sports. Med. 1997;25(4):424–432. doi: 10.1177/036354659702500402Bell S.J., Mologne T.S., Sitler D.F., Cox J.S. Twenty-six-year results after Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2006;34(6):975–978. doi: 10.1177/0363546505282616Bell S.J., Mologne T.S., Sitler D.F., Cox J.S. Twenty-six-year results after Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2006;34(6):975–978. doi: 10.1177/0363546505282616Nakata K., Shino K., Horibe S., Natsuume T., Mae T., Ochi T. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using solvent-dried and gamma-irradiated allogeneic fascia lata. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2000;82(4):579–582. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.82b4.10368Nakata K., Shino K., Horibe S., Natsuume T., Mae T., Ochi T. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using solvent-dried and gamma-irradiated allogeneic fascia lata. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2000;82(4):579–582. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.82b4.10368Boyer D.S., Younger A.S. Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle using a gracilis autograft. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):585– 595. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.06.017Boyer D.S., Younger A.S. Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle using a gracilis autograft. Foot Ankle Clin. 2006;11(3):585– 595. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2006.06.017Xu X., Hu M., Liu J., Zhu Y., Wang B. Minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using semitendinosus autograft or tendon allograft. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(10):1015–1021. doi: 10.1177/1071100714540145Xu X., Hu M., Liu J., Zhu Y., Wang B. Minimally invasive reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using semitendinosus autograft or tendon allograft. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(10):1015–1021. doi: 10.1177/1071100714540145Paterson R., Cohen B., Taylor D., Bourne A., Black J. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using semi-tendinosis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(5):413–419. doi: 10.1177/107110070002100510Paterson R., Cohen B., Taylor D., Bourne A., Black J. Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using semi-tendinosis graft. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(5):413–419. doi: 10.1177/107110070002100510Matheny L.M., Johnson N.S., Liechti D.J., Clanton T.O. Activity level and function after lateral ankle ligament repair versus reconstruction. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2016;44(5):1301–1308. doi: 10.1177/0363546515627817Matheny L.M., Johnson N.S., Liechti D.J., Clanton T.O. Activity level and function after lateral ankle ligament repair versus reconstruction. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2016;44(5):1301–1308. doi: 10.1177/0363546515627817Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. V. Treatment and prognosis in recent ligament ruptures. Acta Chir. Scand. 1966;132(5):537–550.Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. V. Treatment and prognosis in recent ligament ruptures. Acta Chir. Scand. 1966;132(5):537–550.Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of “chronic” ligament ruptures. Acta Chir. Scand. 1966;132(5):551–565.Brostrom L. Sprained ankles. VI. Surgical treatment of “chronic” ligament ruptures. Acta Chir. Scand. 1966;132(5):551–565.Gould N. Repair of lateral ligament of ankle. Foot Ankle. 1987;8(1):55–58. doi: 10.1177/107110078700800111Gould N. Repair of lateral ligament of ankle. Foot Ankle. 1987;8(1):55–58. doi: 10.1177/107110078700800111Gould N., Seligson D., Gassman J. Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle. Foot Ankle. 1980;1(2):84–89. doi: 10.1177/107110078000100206Gould N., Seligson D., Gassman J. Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankle. Foot Ankle. 1980;1(2):84–89. doi: 10.1177/107110078000100206Hamilton W.G., Thompson F.M., Snow S.W. The modified Brostrom procedure for lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(1):1–7. doi: 10.1177/107110079301400101Hamilton W.G., Thompson F.M., Snow S.W. The modified Brostrom procedure for lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(1):1–7. doi: 10.1177/107110079301400101Liu W., Li H., Hua Y. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis of anterior talofibular ligament in lateral chronic ankle instability ankles preand postoperatively. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1758-zLiu W., Li H., Hua Y. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis of anterior talofibular ligament in lateral chronic ankle instability ankles preand postoperatively. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):397. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1758-zDrakos M.C., Behrens S.B., Paller D., Murphy C., DiGiovanni C.W. Biomechanical comparison of an open vs arthroscopic approach for lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(8):809–815. doi: 10.1177/1071100714535765Drakos M.C., Behrens S.B., Paller D., Murphy C., DiGiovanni C.W. Biomechanical comparison of an open vs arthroscopic approach for lateral ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(8):809–815. doi: 10.1177/1071100714535765Maffulli N., Del Buono A., Maffulli G.D., Oliva F., Testa V., Capasso G., Denaro V. Isolated anterior Talofibular ligament Broström repair for chronic lateral ankle instability. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2013;41(4):858– 864. doi: 10.1177/0363546512474967Maffulli N., Del Buono A., Maffulli G.D., Oliva F., Testa V., Capasso G., Denaro V. Isolated anterior Talofibular ligament Broström repair for chronic lateral ankle instability. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2013;41(4):858– 864. doi: 10.1177/0363546512474967Yeo E.D., Lee K.T., Sung I.H., Lee S.G., Lee Y.K. Comparison of all-inside arthroscopic and open techniques for the modified Brostrom procedure for ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(10):1037– 1045. doi: 10.1177/1071100716666508Yeo E.D., Lee K.T., Sung I.H., Lee S.G., Lee Y.K. Comparison of all-inside arthroscopic and open techniques for the modified Brostrom procedure for ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(10):1037– 1045. doi: 10.1177/1071100716666508Rigby R.B., Cottom J.M. A comparison of the “all-inside” arthroscopic Brostrom procedure with the traditional open modified Brostrom-Gould technique: a review of 62 patients. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25(1):31– 36. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.07.642Rigby R.B., Cottom J.M. A comparison of the “all-inside” arthroscopic Brostrom procedure with the traditional open modified Brostrom-Gould technique: a review of 62 patients. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25(1):31– 36. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.07.642Vega J., Golano P., Pellegrino A., Rabat E., Pena F. All-inside arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament repair for ankle instability with a knotless suture anchor technique. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(12):1701– 1709. doi: 10.1177/1071100713502322Vega J., Golano P., Pellegrino A., Rabat E., Pena F. All-inside arthroscopic lateral collateral ligament repair for ankle instability with a knotless suture anchor technique. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(12):1701– 1709. doi: 10.1177/1071100713502322Мацакян А.М., Кесян Г.А., Очкуренко А.А., Бутаев Б.Г., Ширмазанян А.Г., Процко В.Г. Использование модифицированной артроскопической стабилизации голеностопного сустава в лечении хронической наружной нестабильности. Вестн. травматол. и ортопедии. 2017;(1):32–36.Matsakyan A.M., Kesyan G.A., Okhurenko A.A., Butaev B.G., Shirmazanyan A.G., Protsko V.G. Use of modified arthroscopic ancle joint stabilization for the treatment of chronic lateral instability Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii = Reporter of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2017;(1):32–36. [In Russian].Guelfi M., Zamperetti M., Pantalone A., Usuelli F.G., Salini V., Oliva X.M. Open and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for treatment of chronic ankle instability: a systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;24(1):11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2016.05.315Guelfi M., Zamperetti M., Pantalone A., Usuelli F.G., Salini V., Oliva X.M. Open and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for treatment of chronic ankle instability: a systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2018;24(1):11–18. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2016.05.315Xu D.L., Gan K.F., Li H.J., Zhou S.Y., Lou Z.Q., Wang Y., Li G.Q., Ruan C., Hu X., Chen Y.L., Ma W.H. Modified Broström repair with and without augmentation using suture tape for chronic lateral ankle instability. Orthop. Surg. 2019;11(4):671–678. doi: 10.1111/os.12516Xu D.L., Gan K.F., Li H.J., Zhou S.Y., Lou Z.Q., Wang Y., Li G.Q., Ruan C., Hu X., Chen Y.L., Ma W.H. Modified Broström repair with and without augmentation using suture tape for chronic lateral ankle instability. Orthop. Surg. 2019;11(4):671–678. doi: 10.1111/os.12516Petrera M., Dwyer T., Theodoropoulos J.S., Ogilvie-Harris D.J. Shortto medium-term outcomes after a modified Brostrom repair for lateral ankle instability with immediate postoperative weightbearing. Am. J. Sports Med. 2014;42(7):1542–1548. doi: 10.1177/0363546514530668Petrera M., Dwyer T., Theodoropoulos J.S., Ogilvie-Harris D.J. Shortto medium-term outcomes after a modified Brostrom repair for lateral ankle instability with immediate postoperative weightbearing. Am. J. Sports Med. 2014;42(7):1542–1548. doi: 10.1177/0363546514530668Waldrop N.E. 3rd, Wijdicks C.A., Jansson K.S., LaPrade R.F., Clanton T.O. Anatomic suture anchor versus the Brostrom technique for anterior talofibular ligament repair: a biomechanical comparison. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2012;40(11):2590–2596. doi: 10.1177/0363546512458420Waldrop N.E. 3rd, Wijdicks C.A., Jansson K.S., LaPrade R.F., Clanton T.O. Anatomic suture anchor versus the Brostrom technique for anterior talofibular ligament repair: a biomechanical comparison. Am. J. Sports. Med. 2012;40(11):2590–2596. doi: 10.1177/0363546512458420Schuh R., Benca E., Willegger M., Hirtler L.3, Zandieh S., Holinka J., Windhager R. Comparison of Brostrom technique, suture anchor repair, and tape augmentation for reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2016;24(4):1101–1107. doi: 10.1007/s00167-0153631-7Schuh R., Benca E., Willegger M., Hirtler L.3, Zandieh S., Holinka J., Windhager R. Comparison of Brostrom technique, suture anchor repair, and tape augmentation for reconstruction of the anterior talofibular ligament. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 2016;24(4):1101–1107. doi: 10.1007/s00167-0153631-7Cho B.K., Park K.J., Park J.K., SooHoo N.F. Outcomes of the modified brostrom procedure augmented with suture-tape for ankle instability in patients with generalized ligamentous laxity. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(4):405–411. doi: 10.1177/1071100716683348Cho B.K., Park K.J., Park J.K., SooHoo N.F. Outcomes of the modified brostrom procedure augmented with suture-tape for ankle instability in patients with generalized ligamentous laxity. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(4):405–411. doi: 10.1177/1071100716683348Messer T.M., Cummins C.A., Ahn J., Kelikian A.S. Outcome of the modified Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability using suture anchors. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(12):996–1003. doi: 10.1177/107110070002101203Messer T.M., Cummins C.A., Ahn J., Kelikian A.S. Outcome of the modified Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability using suture anchors. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(12):996–1003. doi: 10.1177/107110070002101203Cho B.K., Park K.J., Kim S.W., Lee H.J., Choi S.M. Minimal invasive suture-tape augmentation for chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(11):1330–1338. doi: 10.1177/1071100715592217Cho B.K., Park K.J., Kim S.W., Lee H.J., Choi S.M. Minimal invasive suture-tape augmentation for chronic ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(11):1330–1338. doi: 10.1177/1071100715592217Li X., Killie H., Guerrero P., Busconi B.D. Anatomical reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability in the high-demand athlete: functional outcomes after the modified Brostrom repair using suture anchors. Am. J. Sports Med. 2009;37(3):488–494. doi: 10.1177/0363546508327541Li X., Killie H., Guerrero P., Busconi B.D. Anatomical reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability in the high-demand athlete: functional outcomes after the modified Brostrom repair using suture anchors. Am. J. Sports Med. 2009;37(3):488–494. doi: 10.1177/0363546508327541

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.