sibmedСибирский научный медицинский журналСибирский научный медицинский журнал2410-25122410-2520ИЦиГ СО РАН10.18699/SSMJ20230204sibmed-1038Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМезенхимные стволовые клетки: свойства и клиническое применениеMesenchymal stem cells: properties and clinical applicationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4897-8676ЛыковА. П.LykovA. P.

 Лыков Александр Петрович, к.м.н. 

630040, г. Новосибирск, ул. Охотская, 81а

 Alexander P. Lykov, candidate of medical sciences

 630040, Novosibirsk, Okhotskaya str., 81a 

aplykov2@mail.ruНовосибирский НИИ туберкулеза Минздрава РоссииРоссияNovosibirsk Research Institute of Tuberculosis of Minzdrav of RussiaRussian Federation2023280420234324053Copyright © Лыков А.П., 20232023Лыков А.П.Lykov A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://sibmed.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1038

Мезенхимные стволовые клетки (МСК) – это мультипотентные стромальные клетки, способные дифференцироваться в различные типы клеток, включая адипоциты, остеоциты, хондроциты и др. МСК могут быть выделены из различных тканей организма человека и животных. МСК характеризуются высокой пролиферативной способностью, дифференцировкой в соединительнотканном направлении, паракринной и трофической активностью (продуцируют широкий спектр биологически активных молекул), способны мигрировать в зону повреждения органов и тканей, оказывают иммуносупрессивное действие. Между МСК человека и млекопитающих имеются сходства и различия по фенотипу, функциональной активности. На экспериментальных моделях и в клинических испытаниях показан их терапевтический потенциал, что позволяет рассматривать МСК-ориентированные клеточные технологии как альтернативу традиционным способам лечения. В статье представлен обзор и анализ данных литературы, посвященной изучению свойств МСК, сигнальных путей, вовлеченных в регуляцию активности клеток, перспектив использования МСК в лечении воспалительно-дегенеративных заболеваний. В ходе подготовки обзора из баз данных eLibrary и Национального центра биотехнологической информации (NCBI) взяты полнотекстовые, свободного доступа статьи за период с 2006 по 2022 г.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, etc. MSCs can be isolated from various human and animal tissues. MSCs are characterized by high proliferative capacity, differentiation in the connective-tissue direction, paracrine and trophic activity (they produce a wide range of biologically active molecules), are capable of migrating to the zone of organ and tissue damage, and exhibit immunosuppression. There are similarities and differences between human and mammalian MSCs in phenotype and functional activity. The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been shown on experimental models and in clinical trials, which allows us to consider the MSC-oriented cell technologies as an alternative to traditional methods of treatment. The article presents a review and analysis of the literature devoted to the study of MSCs properties, signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell activity, the prospects for the use of MSCs in the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. During preparation of the review full-text, free access articles for the period from 2006 to 2022 were taken from eLibrary and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases.

мезенхимные стволовые клеткифенотипсигнальные путицитокинытерапевтический потенциал.mesenchymal stem cellsphenotypesignaling pathwayscytokinestherapeutic potential.ReferencesМезен Н.И., Квачева З.Б., Сычик Л.М. Стволовые клетки: учебно-методическое пособие. Минск: БГМУ, 2014. 62 с.Mezen N.I., Kvacheva Z.B., Sychik L.M. Stem cells: Educational and methodical manual. Minsk:BSMU, 2014. 62 p. [In Russian].Dominici M., le Blanc K., Mueller I., Slaper-Cortenbach I., Marini F., Krause D., Deans R., Keating A., Prockop D., Horwitz E. Minimal criteria for defning multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 2006;8(4):315–317. doi:10.1080/14653240600855905Dominici M., le Blanc K., Mueller I., Slaper-Cortenbach I., Marini F., Krause D., Deans R., Keating A., Prockop D., Horwitz E. Minimal criteria for defning multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.